Skip Navigation



IJE Advance Access published online on March 16, 2006
International Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/ije/dyl037
This Article
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
35/5/1322    most recent
dyl037v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Related articles in Int. J. Epidemiol.
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Schim van der Loeff, M. F.
Right arrow Articles by Whittle, H. C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Schim van der Loeff, M. F.
Right arrow Articles by Whittle, H. C.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2006; all rights reserved.
Accepted February 10, 2006

Original paper

Sixteen years of HIV surveillance in a West African research clinic reveals divergent epidemic trends of HIV-1 and HIV-2

Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff 1 *, Akum Aveika Awasana 1, Ramu Sarge-Njie 1, Marianne van der Sande 1, Assan Jaye 1, Saihou Sabally 1, Tumani Corrah 1, Samuel J. McConkey 1, and Hilton C. Whittle 1

1 MRC Laboratories, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff, E-mail: m.schim{at}iatec.com


  Abstract

Background The HIV-1 epidemic in West Africa is characterized by a slower rise than that in Eastern and Southern Africa. The HIV-2 epidemic in West Africa may be declining, but few long-term data exist.

Methods In a research clinic in The Gambia, HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence trends among all new patients being tested for HIV were examined over a 16 year period (1988 till 2003). In newly diagnosed patients a baseline CD4 count was done.

Results An HIV test was done in 23 363 patients aged 15 years or older. The prevalence of HIV-1 was 4.2% in 1988-91 and rose to 17.5% in 2001-03 (P < 0.0001, {chi}2-test for trend). The prevalence of HIV-2 was 7.0% in 1988-91 and declined to 4.0% in 2001-03 (P < 0.0001). HIV-1 prevalence increased and HIV-2 prevalence decreased with time in logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, and indication for test (P < 0.0001). Baseline CD4 counts were available for 65% of patients. The median CD4 count was 215 cells/mm3 [interquartile range (IQR) 72-424] for HIV-1, and 274 (IQR 100-549) for HIV-2 infected patients. There was no marked trend of rise or decline in baseline CD4 count in either HIV-1 or HIV-2 infected patients over the study period. Forty-five per cent of newly diagnosed HIV patients had a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3.

Conclusions These data suggest that HIV-1 prevalence is rising in The Gambia, and that HIV-2 is declining. HIV patients in The Gambia present late and almost half of patients would qualify for anti-retroviral treatment at their first visit.

Keywords: HIV-1; HIV-2; Africa; The Gambia; prevalence; CD4 lymphocyte count.
A Commentary has been commissioned to accompany this article and will appear with this paper in the printed issue.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?

Related articles in Int. J. Epidemiol.:

Commentary: Decline of HIV-2 prevalence in West Africa: good news or bad news?
Serge Eholié and Xavier Anglaret
Int. J. Epidemiol. 2006 10.1093/ije/dyl156. [Abstract]  

Commentary: Decline of HIV-2 prevalence in West Africa: good news or bad news?
Serge Eholié and Xavier Anglaret
Int. J. Epidemiol. 2006 10.1093/ije/dyl156. [Abstract]  



This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
M. L. Ntemgwa, T. d. Toni, B. G. Brenner, R. J. Camacho, and M. A. Wainberg
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., September 1, 2009; 53(9): 3611 - 3619.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
W. Jennes, M. Camara, T. Dieye, S. Mboup, and L. Kestens
Higher Homologous and Lower Cross-Reactive Gag-Specific T-Cell Responses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) Than in HIV-1 Infection
J. Virol., September 1, 2008; 82(17): 8619 - 8628.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sex. Transm. Infect.Home page
C Wang, S E Hawes, A Gaye, P S Sow, I Ndoye, L E Manhart, A Wald, C W Critchlow, and N B Kiviat
HIV prevalence, previous HIV testing, and condom use with clients and regular partners among Senegalese commercial sex workers
Sex Transm Inf, December 1, 2007; 83(7): 534 - 540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sex. Transm. Infect.Home page
F. Mansson, A. Alves, Z. J. d. Silva, F. Dias, S. Andersson, G. Biberfeld, E. M. Fenyo, and H. Norrgren
Trends of HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence among pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: possible effect of the civil war 1998 1999
Sex Transm Inf, October 1, 2007; 83(6): 463 - 467.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
S. Eholie and X. Anglaret
Commentary: Decline of HIV-2 prevalence in West Africa: good news or bad news?
Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2006; 35(5): 1329 - 1330.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.