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IJE Advance Access published online on April 15, 2005
International Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/ije/dyi078
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2005; all rights reserved.
Accepted March 14, 2005

Original paper

Alcohol consumption and its relation to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the north-west of Russia: the Arkhangelsk study

Odd Nilssen 1*, Maria Averina 1, Tormod Brenn 1, Jan Brox 2, Alexei Kalinin 3, and Vadim Archipovski 4

1 Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsö, Norway
2 University Teaching Hospital, Tromsö, Norway
3 Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
4 Semashko Outpatient Clinic, Arkhangelsk, Russia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Odd Nilssen, E-mail: Odd.Nilssen{at}ism.uit.no


  Abstract

Background To explore indicators and levels of alcohol consumption in a Russian population, and to elaborate these in relation to risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Methods A total of 1963 men and 1734 women, aged 18-75 years, consecutively recruited at their compulsory annual medical check-up at the Semashko outpatient clinic, Arkhangelsk, participated in a cross-sectional health survey. The survey comprised a physical examination, a six-page questionnaire on health and lifestyle, and blood tests.

Results Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels in both sexes were more than twice as high as found in comparable studies. Elevated GGT-levels were 4-5 times more frequent than found in Norwegian studies. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) identified up to 75% of male workers and 47% of female workers as hazardous or harmful alcohol drinkers. The traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease were significantly higher in subjects with a high level of GGT.

Conclusion The findings indicate an extremely high level of alcohol consumption in this population. Elevation in GGT was significantly associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

Keywords: Alcohol; audit; gamma-glutamyltransferase; cardiovascular disease.
A Commentary has been commissioned to accompany this paper and will appear with this article in the printed issue.
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