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IJE Advance Access originally published online on September 22, 2009
International Journal of Epidemiology 2009 38(5):1197-1198; doi:10.1093/ije/dyp294
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2009; all rights reserved.

Commentary: Cornfield on cigarette smoking and lung cancer and how to assess causality

Marcel Zwahlen

Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. E-mail: zwahlen@ispm.unibe.ch

Accepted 30 July 2009

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

It has now been 50 years—10 years before the first landing on the moon—that Cornfield and colleagues1 tried to put to rest the discussion and arguments questioning the role of cigarette smoking in the aetiology of lung cancer. In a 40-page article in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, several of the leading figures in the USA of the developing discipline called ‘chronic disease epidemiology’ summarized the current state of knowledge that implicated cigarette smoking as the leading factor contributing to the development of lung cancer. This review article did not adhere to current standards for a systematic review. It is nevertheless remarkable in many ways. It reviewed not only the epidemiological evidence ranging from descriptive . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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Smoking and lung cancer: causality, Cornfield and an early observational meta-analysis
Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2009; 38(5): 1169 - 1171.
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