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IJE Advance Access originally published online on March 26, 2008
International Journal of Epidemiology 2008 37(3):547-548; doi:10.1093/ije/dyn057
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2008; all rights reserved.

Commentary: Smoking and human papillomavirus infection: the pursuit of credibility for an epidemiologic association

E L Franco* and A R Spence

Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

*Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology & Biostalistics and Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. E-mail: eduardo.franco@mcgill.ca

Accepted 27 February 2008

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

As the most important among the modifiable risk factors for many cancer types tobacco smoking is dutifully treated as a potent confounder when epidemiologists explore new candidate relations. The role for smoking changes from ‘confounder’ to ‘confounded’ variable in anogenital cancers. Among the latter, cervical cancer is a case in point. Smoking was first suspected as a risk factor for cervical cancer in the mid 60s but although most studies have replicated the finding1 the association was always seen with suspicion because of confounding by sexual activity.2 Number of sexual partners and age at first intercourse . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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