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IJE Advance Access originally published online on January 24, 2007
International Journal of Epidemiology 2007 36(1):175-177; doi:10.1093/ije/dyl304
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2007; all rights reserved.

Commentary: Hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition—current evidence and ongoing research needs

Charles S Morrison

Family Health International, PO Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.

E-mail: cmorrison@fhi.org

Keywords Depo-provera, heterosexual transmission, HIV acquisition, hormonal contraception, oral contraceptives, research, women

Accepted 13 December 2006

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

Hormonal methods of contraception—primarily combined oral contraceptives (COC) and injectable progestin-only contraception—are among the most widely used forms of reversible contraception worldwide. Over 100 million women use these methods1 and use is particularly high in many areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are highly prevalent. Use of injectable, progestin-only contraceptives including the 3-monthly injectable depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and the 2-monthly injectable norethindrone enanthate (NET-EN) appear to be increasing rapidly in such areas. Thus, understanding whether women's use of hormonal contraception increases their risk of HIV acquisition is critically important.

Conclusive evidence of a relationship between hormonal contraceptive use and HIV acquisition would disrupt family planning programmes in areas with high HIV prevalence. Many women might discontinue hormonal methods, either switching to a less effective method of contraception or none at . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Previous research on hormonal contraceptive use and HIV acquisition
 

   Future research needs
 

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