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IJE Advance Access originally published online on November 22, 2005
International Journal of Epidemiology 2006 35(2):220-222; doi:10.1093/ije/dyi230
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2005; all rights reserved.

Commentary

Commentary: Progress of a paradigm

Cedric F Garland1,2 and Frank C Garland1,2

1 Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
2 Naval Health Research Center, PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186-5122, USA.

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‘It is proposed that vitamin D is a protective factor against colon cancer.’ These 13 words started the abstract of our paper1 and said it all. The concept that vitamin D can prevent cancer was born. Vitamin D was raised from being a nearly forgotten compound that once enabled the conquest of rickets, but had been tossed into the dustbin of medical history. Mention of rickets or vitamin D evoked images from Victorian fiction—Dickens's Tiny Tim hobbling on his crutch.

Soon after Dickens's description, it was found that the similar plight of hundreds of thousands of real children was due to inadequate sunlight, whose ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance (290–315 nm) is the source of photosynthesis of vitamin D. Yet a hundred years had passed, and UVB became regarded as a carcinogen by the American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute. Advice from experts to the public was to avoid the . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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