IJE Advance Access originally published online on December 7, 2005
International Journal of Epidemiology 2006 35(1):100-104; doi:10.1093/ije/dyi276
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2005; all rights reserved.
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Food environments and obesity—neighbourhood or nation?
1 Department of Geography at Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK
2 MRC Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, UK
* Corresponding author. Department of Geography, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. E-mail: s.c.j.cummins@qmul.ac.uk
Accepted 7 November 2005
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Obesity arises from an imbalance between energy input and output1 but in this commentary we focus exclusively on environmental issues in energy intake in the developed world. Our aim is both to provide an overview of recent findings on obesogenic environments2 and to point to cross national variations in their distribution.
It has recently been suggested that individually focused interventions attempting to reduce obesity have had limited success,3 and that the widespread and increasing prevalence of obesity is inadequately explained by individual-level psychological and social factors associated with diet or physical activity.1,2,4,5 This suggestion is part of a broader critique of the over-emphasis on the role of individual health behaviours, which has tended to ignore the influence of the complex social and physical contexts in which individual behavioural decisions are made.4,6 Such critiques have led to a new focus on ‘environmental’ exposures that encourage excessive food intake and discourage physical
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Obesity and SES |
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Evidence for the influence of grocery stores and supermarkets |
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Evidence for the influence of fast-food and other outlets |
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Does living in North America make you fat? |
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Conclusion |
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