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IJE Advance Access originally published online on October 31, 2005
International Journal of Epidemiology 2005 34(6):1435-1436; doi:10.1093/ije/dyi211
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2005; all rights reserved.

Letters to the Editor

Longevity of popes and artists between the 13th and the 19th century

Maria Patrizia Carrieri1 and Diego Serraino2,*,{dagger}

1 INSERM U 379, Marseilles, France
2 Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS CRO Aviano, Italy

* Corresponding author. Servizio di Epidemiologia and Biostatistica, INT CRO, IRCCS, Via Pedemontana Occ 12, 33081Aviano, Italy. E-mail: serrainod@cro.it

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Longevity has increased steadily through history. Life expectancy at birth was a brief 25 years during the Roman Empire, it reached 33 years by the Middle Ages and raised up to 55 years in the early 1900s.1 In the Middle Ages, the average life span of males born in landholding families in England was 31.3 years and the biggest danger was surviving childhood.2 Once children reached the age of 10, their life expectancy was 32.2 years, and for those who survived to 25, the remaining life expectancy was 23.3 years. Such estimates reflected the life expectancy of adult males from the higher ranks of English society in the Middle Ages,3 and were . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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