Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text Freely available
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (5)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Macleod, J.
Right arrow Articles by Carroll, D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Macleod, J.
Right arrow Articles by Carroll, D.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

International Journal of Epidemiology 2003;32:997-999
© International Epidemiological Association 2003

Special Theme: Mental Health

Commentary: What should we make of associations between vital exhaustion and heart disease?

John Macleod and Doug Carroll

Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. E-mail: j.a.macleod@bham.ac.uk

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Interest in premonitory symptoms of heart disease, principally pain but also less specific symptoms such as malaise and fatigue, is longstanding within cardiology.1,2 Descriptions of these premonitory symptoms have generally involved an explicit assumption that they relate to established pathology and represent ‘early warnings’ of the presence of disease, rather than having any causal relation to disease itself. However, around 20 years ago, Appels described a prodromal constellation of symptoms including physical exhaustion and feelings of hopelessness preceding major coronary heart disease (CHD) events.3 He suggested this syndrome of ‘vital exhaustion’ was causally related to these subsequent events, a relation arising perhaps through the neuroendocrine mechanisms typically invoked in relation to a proposed psychosocial aetiology of heart disease. Subsequently, several prospective associations between exhaustion (measured in various ways) and coronary events have been reported.4–6 The paper by Prescott and colleagues in this issue of the International Journal of Epidemiology adds . . . [Full Text of this Article]


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
K. M. Flegal, B. I. Graubard, D. F. Williamson, and M. H. Gail
Impact of Smoking and Preexisting Illness on Estimates of the Fractions of Deaths Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in the US Population
Am. J. Epidemiol., October 15, 2007; 166(8): 975 - 982.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
J. Macleod, G. Davey Smith, and J. Lynch
RE: "SENSE OF COHERENCE AND MORTALITY IN MEN AND WOMEN IN THE EPIC-NORFOLK UNITED KINGDOM PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY"
Am. J. Epidemiol., June 15, 2004; 159(12): 1202 - 1203.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
S. Ebrahim
Randomization, trials and tribulations
Int. J. Epidemiol., December 1, 2003; 32(6): 901 - 901.
[Full Text] [PDF]