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International Journal of Epidemiology 2003;32:614-616
© International Epidemiological Association 2003

Cardiovascular Disease

Commentary: Disentangling the association between short height and cardiovascular risk—genes or environment?

Claudia Langenberg1 and Michael Marmot2

1 MRC National Survey for Health and Development,
2 International Centre for Health and Society; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. E-mail: c.langenberg@ucl.ac.uk

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People of shorter height have increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This was suggested by Gertler and White in 1954 and shown in the Whitehall Study1 and in other populations. The mechanisms remain unclear. Height is determined by genetic and early environmental influences. Prenatal growth, as well as early postnatal growth, which is particularly vulnerable to environmental influences, have both been argued to be important for the association between height and cardiovascular risk factors and disease. People from poor socioeconomic environments are of shorter height; similarly they have increased levels of risk factors and subsequent CHD.2 It has been suggested that genetic factors that influence growth also have a role in early programming of CHD,3 and the relative contribution of genetic . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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C. Langenberg, R. Hardy, E. Breeze, D. Kuh, and M. E. Wadsworth
Influence of short stature on the change in pulse pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure from age 36 to 53 years: an analysis using multilevel models
Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2005; 34(4): 905 - 913.
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