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International Journal of Epidemiology 2002;31:622-623
© International Epidemiological Association 2002

Social Inequalities

Commentary: Cheap but cheerless. Is it the underpaid or the overworked who die young?

Chris Metcalfe

Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Institue of Public Health, University Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK. E-mail: chris.metcalfe@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk


   Introduction
 
It has long been recognized that members of families dependent upon manual work for their subsistence experience higher rates of many diseases, and have a shorter life expectancy than those in families depending upon non-manual work. Efforts to explain this disparity have as long a history as those directed at its evaluation. In his account of the living and working conditions of factory employees and their families in northern England during the 1840s, Engels proposes a number of ways in which manual work may impact on the health of the worker.1 He describes the very direct . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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