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International Journal of Epidemiology 2002;31:161-162
© International Epidemiological Association 2002

Theory and Methods

Commentary: Does the spectre of ecologic bias haunt epidemiology?

Thomas Webster

Department of Environmental Health (T2E), Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118–2526, USA. E-mail: twebster@bu.edu

Beginning students of epidemiology learn that non-differential exposure misclassification biases results (on average) toward the null. Ecologic studies are one of the most interesting exceptions. As shown by Brenner et al. in 1992, ecologic studies are biased away from the null when exposure is non-differentially misclassified with the same sensitivity and specificity in each group.1 In this issue, Björk and Strömberg2 extend this result in an interesting and disconcerting direction: ecologic bias in an important type of occupational . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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