International Journal of Epidemiology 2001;30:1029-1034
© International Epidemiological Association 2001
Infectious Disease |
Persistence of vaccine-derived poliovirus following a mass vaccination campaign in Cuba: implications for stopping polio vaccination after global eradication
a Pedro Kouri Institute for Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba.
b Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
c Ministry of Public Health, Havana, Cuba.
d Provincial Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Havana, Cuba.
e Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
Dr Victor M C ceres, Centers for Disease Control and Pre-vention, National Immunization Program, Mailstop E 05, Vaccine Preventable Disease Eradication Division, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Reprint requests: Dr Pedro M s Lago, Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Autopista Novia del MediodĦa, Km 6, entre Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Lisa, Ciudad Habana, Cuba. pmasl{at}ipk.sld.cu
Abstract
Background With substantial progress made toward polio eradication, developing the appropriate strategy for discontinuing global oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) after global eradication becomes increasingly important. At issue is the theoretical risk of independent circulation of potentially virulent OPV-derived strains. Because Cuba uses OPV only in mass campaigns, it represents an ideal site to assess vaccine-derived poliovirus persistence.
Methods Infants born after the 1997 biannual mass campaigns were evaluated for past (neutralizing antibody) or current (virus excretion) evidence of vaccine-derived poliovirus exposure. We obtained sera and/or stool specimens from 861 infants; a second serum from 218 infants.
Results All stool specimens were poliovirus negative. Of 762 infants, 113 (14.8%) had initially detectable poliovirus type 1 antibody, 193 (25.3%) type 2, and 94 (12.3%) type 3. A precipitous antibody decline occurred in initially positive sera.
Conclusions Our results suggest that in a country with high population immunity, vaccine-derived virus is unlikely to establish ongoing circulation.
Keywords Poliomyelitis, polioviruses, eradication, vaccine, excretion, virus, oral polio vaccine, vaccine Sabin, immunization, circulation, transmission, Cuba
Accepted 11 January 2001
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