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International Journal of Epidemiology 2001;30:96-98
© International Epidemiological Association 2001

Special Theme: Fetal Origins of Health and Disease

Commentary: Getting to grips with fetal programming—aspects of a rapidly evolving agenda

David A Leon

Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK

It is now 15 years since David Barker and colleagues published the first direct evidence that fetal growth impairment is associated with cardiovascular disease.1 Since then, despite scepticism en route, the ‘fetal programming’ of later disease has become established as a legitimate area for epidemiological and biological enquiry. It has spawned a new generation of studies focused mainly on cardiovascular disease and diabetes accompanied by an emerging interest in its relevance to a wide range of other outcomes from breast cancer2 to schizophrenia.3

Some researchers, particularly in perinatal epidemiology, have embraced the fetal origins hypothesis seeing in it a fresh rationale for their work. This is illustrated by the paper by Raum et al.4 in this issue of the International Journal of Epidemiology. They report that maternal education is inversely associated with impaired fetal growth in East as well as West Germany in the period around the collapse . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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