International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 28, 631-639, Copyright © 1999 by International Epidemiological Association
J Schuz, P Kaatsch, U Kaletsch, R Meinert and J Michaelis
BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that risk factors of childhood cancers
may already operate during the prenatal and neonatal period. Results of
previous epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. METHODS: During
1992-1997 a large case-control study on childhood cancers and a variety of
potential risk factors was conducted in Germany. Cases were ascertained by
the German Childhood Cancer Registry. Each case was matched to a
population-based control of the same age and gender, sampled from the
district where the case lived at the date of diagnosis. For the analyses,
2358 cases and 2588 controls were available. RESULTS: Risk of childhood
acute leukaemia increased with maternal age < or =20 years at time of
delivery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.2), lower (<2500 g: OR =
1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.8) and higher birthweight (>4000 g: OR = 1.4, 95% CI:
1.0-1.8, P < 0.05), and hormonal treatment because of infertility (OR =
1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.5, P < 0.05). No associations were seen for parental
smoking habits, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and fetal
losses. Parity was associated only with subgroups of acute leukaemias.
Regarding non- Hodgkin's lymphoma we observed an elevated OR for lower
birthweight and heavy maternal smoking during pregnancy (>20
cigarettes/day) and a decreased OR for children with one or two siblings.
Only a few significant findings were seen for the different groups of solid
tumours. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, only weak associations were identified and
the evaluated risk factors operating during the neonatal and prenatal
period account at most for only a small proportion of childhood cancers.
ARTICLES
Association of childhood cancer with factors related to pregnancy and birth
Institut fur Medizinische Statistik und Dokumentation der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, Germany.
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