International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, S6-14, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
E Riboli and R Kaaks
BACKGROUND: The most consistent result of epidemiological studies on diet
and cancer is that a diet rich in vegetables, fruit and, more generally, in
plant foods is associated with a reduced risk of cancer at several
anatomical sites. Epidemiological studies have been less consistent
regarding the putative increase in risk related to consumption of fat or
meat. In addition it has not been possible to identify clearly the
biological role of specific nutrients or non- nutrient food components in
the prevention or causation of cancer. Limitations in the precision and
validity of traditional dietary intake measurements and limited use of
biomarkers combined with narrow ranges of variations in dietary habits
within single populations, have been the main reasons for the limited
success in identifying more specific diet and cancer links. METHODS: EPIC
is a multi-centre prospective cohort study designed to investigate the
relation between diet, nutritional and metabolic characteristics, various
lifestyle factors and the risk of cancer. The study is based in 22
collaborating centres in nine European countries and includes populations
characterized by large variations in dietary habits and cancer risk. Data
are collected on diet, physical activity, sexual maturation and
reproductive history, lifetime consumption of alcohol and tobacco, previous
and current illnesses and current medication. Following a common protocol
and using identical equipment, blood samples are collected, aliquoted into
plasma, serum, white blood cells and erythrocytes, and stored in liquid
nitrogen at -196 degrees C for future laboratory analyses on cancer cases
and matched healthy controls. Anthropometric measurements are taken
according to a standard protocol. It is planned to include around 400,000
middle-aged men and women. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The collection of
questionnaire data, anthropometric measurements and blood samples is under
way. Almost 340,000 subjects had been included in the study by mid-1996,
and recruitment is expected to be almost complete by 1997. Follow-up for
cancer incidence and total mortality has started and it is expected that
about 23000 cancer cases will be identified during the first 10 years of
follow-up.
ARTICLES
The EPIC Project: rationale and study design. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Unit of Nutrition and Cancer. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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