International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, S26-S36, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
R Kaaks, N Slimani and E Riboli
BACKGROUND: As part of the European Prospective investigation into Cancer
and Nutrition (EPIC), preliminary studies were conducted to evaluate the
accuracy of individuals' dietary intake measurements from newly developed
questionnaires. METHODS: In six countries that adhered from the very
beginning to the multicentre, co-ordinated EPIC project, the validity
studies were based on two repeat questionnaire measurements at the start
and at the end of a 1-year period, in groups of about 100 volunteers of
both sexes. In addition, during this year, up to 12 24-hour recalls per
person were taken monthly, and up to four blood and urine specimens were
collected for measurement of biochemical markers. In three countries that
joined EPIC later, the designs of the validity studies and type of
'reference' measurement chosen were somewhat different. The results
presented in this overview paper are taken partly from more detailed,
country-specific publications, and partly from a central (re-)analysis of
the original data, to ensure a uniform approach to the statistical analyses
and presentation. RESULTS: Averaged over subgroups by country and gender,
Spearman coefficients of correlation between questionnaire measurements and
the individuals' average 24-hour recalls ranged from 0.37 for fish to 0.68
for dairy products and 0.79 for alcoholic beverages. For energy-adjusted
nutrient intakes (or nutrient densities, in the UK), mean Pearson
correlation coefficients, corrected for residual attenuation due to
day-to-day variations in the 24-hour recalls in all but two countries,
ranged from 0.37 for retinol and 0.48 for vitamin E to 0.60 for
carbohydrates and 0.12 for total alcohol intake. Correlations between
energy-adjusted nutrient intakes and biochemical markers on average were
low, but varied considerably between study centres. CONCLUSIONS: On
average, most estimated correlation coefficient were of similar magnitude
to those observed by independent research groups. The role of the
preliminary validity studies, and various benefits drawn from these studies
for further planning of the EPIC project are discussed.
ARTICLES
Pilot phase studies on the accuracy of dietary intake measurements in the EPIC project: overall evaluation of results. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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