International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, S161-S173, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
E Riboli, S Elmstahl, R Saracci, B Gullberg and F Lindgarde
BACKGROUND: Nutritional epidemiology relies largely on dietary assessment
methods for the estimation of the "exposure' variables which may be related
to disease risk. METHODS: This paper describes a methodological study
conducted in Malmo, Sweden, to compare nutrient intake--estimated by two
alternative dietary assessment methods--with a reference method consisting
of 18 days of weighed food records. The two candidate methods were an
extensive food frequency questionnaire with portion size to be estimated
from a booklet of 120 sets of photos (method A) and a method involving the
combination of a shorter questionnaire and a two-week food record (method
B). RESULTS: In absolute values, both methods overestimated nutrient intake
by 20-40%, with method B closer to the reference for most nutrients. Both
crude and energy-adjusted correlations between A-reference and B-reference
were of the order of 0.50-0.60 for energy, energy-providing nutrients and
most vitamins and minerals. Correlations were in the same range for most of
the 14 fatty acids considered in the analyses. Protein intake, estimated
from the analyses of urinary nitrogen on 6-8 repeated 24-hour urine
collections per subject, was almost identical to the reference method
values. Correlation between nitrogen-derived values and dietary measurement
was 0.75. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the study indicated that both methods A and
B had good ranking validity compared to the reference and that in most
cases the combined method (B) performed slightly better than the extensive
food frequency method (A).
ARTICLES
The Malmo Food Study: validity of two dietary assessment methods for measuring nutrient intake
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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