International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, 601-609, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
A Spinelli, I Figa-Talamanca and J Osborn
BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 10-15% of all couples have experienced an
infertility problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect
of occupation on the time interval between when a couple starts unprotected
intercourse and a clinically recognizable pregnancy time to pregnancy
(TTP). METHODS: Data from 622 women who successfully delivered in the week
preceding the interview were analysed using the Cox proportional hazards
regression. Thirty independent variables were included in the full model.
RESULTS: Eleven per cent of women had to wait more than one year before
conceiving (mean TTP = 6.7 months). The regression analysis showed that the
most important determinants of TTP are the age of the woman (rate ratio =
0.44 for age 35+) and her parity (rate ratio = 1.39). TTP also increased
significantly with maternal smoking (rate ratio = 0.77), and decreased with
coital frequency (rate ratio = 1.24 for > or = 6 per month) and
consumption of coffee (rate ratio = 1.29). None of the female occupational
exposures has been found to have an independent statistically significant
effect, while male occupation in industry and exposure to welding fumes
were associated with an increase of TTP (rate ratio = 0.73 and 0.78,
respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Female occupational exposures seem to have only
a small effect on TTP compared with biological and lifestyle factors. The
present data also suggest that work-related factors may have a bigger
influence on male fecundity.
ARTICLES
Time to pregnancy and occupation in a group of Italian women
Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Bome, Italy.
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