Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by KAFADAR, K.
Right arrow Articles by TUKEY, J. W
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by KAFADAR, K.
Right arrow Articles by TUKEY, J. W
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© 1996 Oxford University Press

research-article

Urbanicity-Related Trends in Lung Cancer Mortality in US Counties: White Females and White Males, 1970–1987

KAREN KAFADAR*, LAURENCE S FREEDMAN**, COLIN R GOODALL{dagger} and JOHN W TUKEY{ddagger}

*Department of Mathematics, Box 170, University of Colorando-Denver Denver, Colorando, 80217-3364, USA.
**Biometry Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
{dagger}Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
{ddagger}Department of Statistics, Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey, USA.

Kafadar K (Derpartment of Mathematics. Box 170. University of Colorada-Denver. PO Box 173364, Danver CO 80217-3364, USA), Freedman L S, Goodall CR and Tukey J W Urbanicity-related trends in lung cancer mortality in US conties: white females and white males, 1970–1987.International journal of Epidemiology 1996; 25: 918–932.

BACKGROUND: The effect of urbanization on age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in US countries is investagated. The data come from National Cancer Institute, and urban trends are estimated in time periods 1970–1979 aand 1980–1987, for both white males and white females. To account for possibly different gradients in different parts of the country, the 48 contiguous states are divided into seven regions.

METHODS: A measure of urbannes, urbanicity, is defined and is used to stratify counties. A multiplicative model is proposed that relates county mortality raters to urbanicity. The residuals from this multiplicative model serve as age and urban-adjusted rates.

RESULTS: Urban-rural gradients are significant for nearly all regions for both white males and white females, diminishing slightly in the latter time period for white males but becoming stronger for whito females.

CONCLUSIONS: The age and urban-adjusted rates may be used in mapping to investigate geographical patterns that remain after removal of the urban factor.

Keywords geographical epidemiology, urbanicity, smoothing, Poisson, exploratory data analysis

Revised 1 March 1996


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer:
Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.