© 1996 Oxford University Press
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Incidence of HIV-1 Infection in Adults and Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Seroconverters in a Rural Population in Uganda: 1990–1994
*Medical Research Council (UK) Programme on AIDS in Uganda and Uganda Virus Research Institute PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda.
**Division of Health Population and Development, GTZ GmBH, Dag-Hammerskjold-Weg 1–2, Postf 5180, D-65760 Eschborn, Germany.
Tropical Health Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WCIE 7HT, UK.
Kengeya-Kayondo J-F (MRC [UK] Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda), Kamali A, Nunn A J, Ruberantwari A, Wagner H-U H and Mulder D W. Incidence of HIV-1 Infection in adults and sodo-demographic characteristics of seroconverters in a rural population in Uganda: 1990–1994. International Journal of Epidemiology 1996; 25: 1077–1082.
BACKGROUND: To evaluate HIV-1 incidence among adults and socio-demographic risk factors in a rural population in Uganda, a prospective cohort study was carried out.
METHODS: All consenting adult residents in a cluster of 15 neighbouring villages of the Masaka District of south-west Uganda have been participating in annual socio-demographic and seroJogical surveys since November 1989. Those who had a negative serostatus when they were first tested and had at least one serostatus assessment during the 4 years of follow-up (1990–1994) have been evaluated for HIV-1 seroconversion. Incidence rates have been calculated per 1000 person-years of observation and socio-demographic characteristics assessed for association with recent seroconversion.
RESULTS: At the baseline survey, of 4175 adults with assessable serostatus (79% of all censused adults), 342 (8.2%) were seroposltive. During 12 588.2 person-years of follow-up 89 seroconversions were identified corresponding to an incidence rate of 7.1 (95% Ct : 5.6–8.5). Overall rates were highest in females aged 20–24 years (15.2) and in males aged 20–44 years (11.6). There was a significant interaction between age and sex; the ratio of the rate in females to that in males decreased from 3.3: 1 to 0.5: 1 with increasing age. Rates for males aged 
20 years were four times higher than those for younger males. Other significant socio-demographic correlates with risk included not belonging to the majority tribe, non-Muslim religion and length of stay on compound of less than 10 years. Incidence rates did not show any clear trends with time.
CONCLUSION: These findings further emphasize the need for targeted interventions.
Keywords HIV-1, incidence, trends in incidence, risk factors, rural population, Uganda
Revised 1 March 1996
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