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© 1985 Oxford University Press

research-article

Increased Risk for Male Bladder Cancer among a Cohort of Male and Female Hairdressers from Geneva

ETIENNE GUBERAN*, LUC RAYMOND** and PETER M SWEETNAM{dagger}

* Geneva Medical Inspectorate of Factories 23 rue Ferdinand Hodler, CH-1207, Geneva, Switzerland
** Geneva Cancer Registry.
{dagger} MRC Epidemiology Unit (South Wales) Cardiff, UK

A cohort of 703 male and 677 female hairdressers born from 1880 onwards, who started to run salons in Geneva between 1900 and 1964 was followed-up to the end of 1982. Cause-specific mortality was analysed from 1942 to 1982 and a significant excess mortality from bladder cancer (observed deaths = 10, expected deaths = 3.9) was found among males. Cancer incidence recorded for the years 1970 to 1980 showed a significant increase among males for all neoplasms (O = 65, E = 51.4), cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx (O = 6, E = 2.5), cancer of the prostate (O = 12, E = 6.1), and bladder cancer (O = 11, E = 5.3). Among female hairdressers no significant increase in mortality or in cancer incidence was found. Mean age at diagnosis of the 18 deaths and/or incident cases from bladder cancer found among the male hairdressers was 68.6 years (range 51–88) and mean latency period since first exposure was 52.2 years (range 24–73). Occupational history was obtained for most of the 18 cases and of 54 controls randomly selected from the cohort. Little evidence was found of a causal relationship between exposure to hair dyes and the excess risk for bladder cancer among the male hairdressers. It is a suggestion that this excess might be related to some colouring agent(s) in brilliantines which were widely used in men's hairdressing salons in Geneva until about 1950.

Received 1 May 1985


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