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IJE Advance Access originally published online on March 7, 2008
International Journal of Epidemiology 2009 38(1):38-47; doi:10.1093/ije/dyn040
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2008; all rights reserved.

Cohort Profile: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)—objectives and design of a survey follow-up study of social health disparities in a managed care population{dagger}

Howard H Moffet1,*, Nancy Adler2, Dean Schillinger3, Ameena T Ahmed1, Barbara Laraia4, Joe V Selby1, Romain Neugebauer5, Jennifer Y Liu1, Melissa M Parker1, Margaret Warton1 and Andrew J Karter1,6

1Kaiser Permanente – Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
2Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Health and Community, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
3University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, Center for Vulnerable Populations, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
4Department of Medicine and Center for Health and Community, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
5Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
6Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

* Corresponding author. Kaiser Permanente – Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. E-mail: Howard.H.Moffet@kp.org

Accepted 11 February 2008

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   How did the study come about?
 
One of the challenges of the national initiative, Healthy People 2010,1 is to support interventions that will reduce social disparities in health. While social disparities such as differences in education, income, race or ethnicity may affect health, the mechanisms are poorly understood. If social disparities in health originate in childhood, are current social disparities in health modifiable and are they the responsibility of a medical provider or health plan? Nonetheless, modifiable factors may exist at the individual, neighbourhood or system level that mediate (explain) social disparities in health and that may be suitable targets for interventions aiming to reduce disparities. Our aim was to survey and prospectively follow a large, diverse and well-characterized population with diabetes and to collect data on risk factors which may affect diabetes health outcomes but which may differ substantively in prevalence or effect size across ethnic groups or educational levels.

The 2002 Institute of Medicine . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   What does it cover?
 
Survey content
Survey modes
Other baseline data

   Who is in the sample?
 

   What has been measured?
 

   What outcomes will be measured during follow-up?
 

   What is the anticipated attrition?
 

   What are the strengths and weaknesses?
 
Analysis of response bias
Statistical methods

   How can I collaborate? Where can I find out more?
 

   Supplementary Data
 

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