IJE Advance Access originally published online on August 24, 2008
International Journal of Epidemiology 2008 37(6):1209-1211; doi:10.1093/ije/dyn172
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2008; all rights reserved.
Commentary: Ecologic studies in identifying dietary risk factors for coronary heart disease and cancer
Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center (SUNARC), PO Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA. E-mail: wbgrant@infionline.net
Accepted 17 July 2008
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The hypothesis study by Jeffrey Segall,1 suggesting that milk consumption was an important risk factor for ischaemic heart disease [IHD, or coronary heart disease (CHD)], was based on considerations of lactose intolerance and IHD rates for 23 populations. However, a recent meta-analysis of cohort studies found that milk consumption was actually correlated with a small but significant reduced risk,2 suggesting that the work by Segall was somehow in error.
In the well-known Seven Countries Study,3 Ancel Keys established that animal fat was an important risk factor for IHD on the basis of a study of dietary factors for men between the ages of 55 and 59 years and incidence of CHD in seven countries. However, when the Seven Countries Study was being conducted, John Yudkin, a British diabetes expert, suggested that
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