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IJE Advance Access originally published online on September 20, 2006
International Journal of Epidemiology 2006 35(5):1161-1162; doi:10.1093/ije/dyl187
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© The Author 2006; all rights reserved.

Commentary

Commentary: Cancer—evolution within

Jarle Breivik

Institute of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, PO Box 1018 Blindern, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway

E-mail: jbreivik@medisin.uio.no

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According to the current paradigm, cancer is a genetic disease caused the by accumulation of mutations leading to breakdown of growth regulatory mechanisms. Concomitantly, an equally important paradigm states that cancer is an environmental disease caused by factors like smoking, diet, and radiation. The connection between these contrasting perspectives is commonly perceived as a linear causation: environments cause mutations and mutations cause cancer. Despite its apparent logic, however, there is growing awareness that this level of reasoning represents an inadequate basis for modelling carcinogenesis. Genes and mutations can only be understood in the context of their environment. The environment not only induces mutations but it . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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