IJE Advance Access originally published online on November 23, 2004
International Journal of Epidemiology 2005 34(1):21-27; doi:10.1093/ije/dyh327
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IJE vol.34 no.1 © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved.
Article |
MORGAM (an international pooling of cardiovascular cohorts)
1 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Mulhouse Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
2 KTL—National Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
3 National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-10630 Stockholm, Sweden
4 INSERM U525, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
5 Università degli studi dell'Insubria, Medicina del Lavoro e Preventiva, Viale Borri 57, 21100 Varese, Italy
6 KTL—National Public Health Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 104, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
7 Clinical Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
8 Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland
* Correspondence: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Mulhouse Building, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK. E-mail: a.evans@qub.ac.uk
Keywords GenomEUtwin, MORGAM, case–cohort study, cardiovascular risk, genetic epidemiology, prospective studies
Accepted 5 August 2004
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How did the study come about? |
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Dissatisfaction has been voiced over recent decades concerning the lack of a relevant cardiovascular disease (CVD) scoring system for European populations. Recently this deficiency has been repaired with the publication of SCORE,1 although nonfatal events are still not catered for. In addition, the entire sequence of the human genome has recently been published.2 Common chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, may have a strong genetic component. They are, however, caused not by a single genetic defect but by the interactions of many genetic and environmental factors. Hence, they are often called complex, multifactorial diseases. Moreover, the biological effects of common genetic variants are likely to be small in magnitude; indeed, variants with large biological effects tend to be rare, for example familial hypercholesterolaemia. Investigators examining the genetic background of complex, multifactorial diseases should, therefore, realize that they are looking for interactions between genetic variants with small,
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What does MORGAM cover, and how has this changed? |
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Statistical methods
Population stratification
Ethical issues
Further phenotypic study
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Who is included in the sample? |
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How often have study participants been followed up? |
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What has been measured? |
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What is the attrition rate? |
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What has MORGAM found?
What are the main strengths and weaknesses?
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Can I get hold of the data? Where can I find out more? |
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