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IJE Advance Access originally published online on January 13, 2005
International Journal of Epidemiology 2005 34(1):13-15; doi:10.1093/ije/dyh380
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IJE vol.34 no.1 © International Epidemiological Association 2005; all rights reserved.

Commentary

Commentary: Remembrance of microbes past

Gerald W Tannock

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. E-mail: gerald.tannock@stonebow.otago.ac.nz

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) established a central theme of psychoanalysis: the past is alive in the present. Influences experienced in the past are not something that can be completely outgrown by the individual or society; they remain vital parts of existence.

Rene Dubos (1901–1982), French-born American microbiologist, experimental pathologist, environmentalist, humanist, and Pulitzer Prize-winning author, explored in a number of books the interplay between environmental forces and the physical, mental, and spiritual development of humankind. His article in the journal Pediatrics entitled ‘Biological Freudianism: lasting effects of early environmental influences’ and written in collaboration with his postdoctoral fellows Dwayne Savage and Russell Schaedler (soon to be eminent scientists in their own right) encapsulated this theme.1 Drawing on results obtained from experiments with specific-pathogen-free mice, the authors concluded that ‘From all points of view, the child is truly the father of the man, and for this reason we need to develop an . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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