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International Journal of Epidemiology 2003;32:715-716
© International Epidemiological Association 2003

Special Theme: Infectious Diseases

Commentary: Modelling and understanding differences in human immunodeficiency and hepatitis C virus epidemiology in injection drug users

Marcel Zwahlen1 and David Vlahov2

1 Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
2 Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, USA.

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programmes for injection drug users (IDU) have included elements such as outreach education, testing, counselling, bleach distribution, and wider access to sterile needles through unrestricted pharmacy access and needle exchange programmes. Needle exchange programmes work by providing sterile in exchange for contaminated needles alongside outreach education and health service referrals. With both HIV and hepatitis viruses known to be transmitted by multiperson use of needles and syringes, providing access to sterile needles for those who cannot or will not stop drug use would appear to be an important strategy. An early observational study of the effectiveness of needle exchange programmes . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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