| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
© 1978 Oxford University Press
research-article |
Calculation of Attributable Risks from Epidemiological Data
1 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Attributable risk is an important epidemiological index, and may be more relevant to many health planning situations than other indices such as the relative risk. This paper outlines the requirements of typical epidemiological data in order to estimate attributable risks, and illustrates the calculations for some common types of research study. The examples chosen have no special significance per se, but represent the main findings of several typical investigations reported in the epidemiological literature. The combination of estimates from several studies and extrapolation to other populations are discussed. Finally the concept of attributable risk as the causal effect of a risk factor is presented.
Received 12 October 1977
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. A. M. Rogers, B. L. Plassman, M. Kabeto, G. G. Fisher, J. J. McArdle, D. J. Llewellyn, G. G. Potter, and K. M. Langa Parental Education and Late-life Dementia in the United States J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, March 1, 2009; 22(1): 71 - 80. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. van Walraven, N. Oake, P. S. Wells, and A. J. Forster Burden of Potentially Avoidable Anticoagulant-Associated Hemorrhagic and Thromobembolic Events in the Elderly Chest, May 1, 2007; 131(5): 1508 - 1515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Garenne, B. Maire, O. Fontaine, and A. Briend Distributions of Mortality Risk Attributable to Low Nutritional Status in Niakhar, Senegal J. Nutr., November 1, 2006; 136(11): 2893 - 2900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Johnson, B. G. Toelle, D. Yates, E. Belousova, K. Ng, S. Corbett, and G. Marks Occupational asthma in New South Wales (NSW): a population-based study. Occup. Med., June 1, 2006; 56(4): 258 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Pisani, P. Srivatanakul, J. Randerson-Moor, S. Vipasrinimit, S. Lalitwongsa, P. Unpunyo, S. Bashir, and D. T. Bishop GSTM1 and CYP1A1 Polymorphisms, Tobacco, Air Pollution, and Lung Cancer: A Study in Rural Thailand. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2006; 15(4): 667 - 674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R D Ampon, M Williamson, P K Correll, and G B Marks Impact of asthma on self-reported health status and quality of life: a population based study of Australians aged 18-64 Thorax, September 1, 2005; 60(9): 735 - 739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Tanuseputro, D. G. Manuel, S. E. Schultz, H. Johansen, and C. A. Mustard Improving Population Attributable Fraction Methods: Examining Smoking-attributable Mortality for 87 Geographic Regions in Canada Am. J. Epidemiol., April 15, 2005; 161(8): 787 - 798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L Rushton, C Courage, and E Green Estimation of the impact on children's health of environmental tobacco smoke in England and Wales Perspectives in Public Health, September 1, 2003; 123(3): 175 - 180. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Wisborg, U. Kesmodel, T. B. Henriksen, S. F. Olsen, and N. J. Secher Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in Utero and the Risk of Stillbirth and Death in the First Year of Life Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2001; 154(4): 322 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J A Hanley A heuristic approach to the formulas for population attributable fraction J Epidemiol Community Health, July 1, 2001; 55(7): 508 - 514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Wisborg, U. Kesmodel, T. B. Henriksen, S. F. Olsen, and N. J. Secher A prospective study of smoking during pregnancy and SIDS Arch. Dis. Child., September 1, 2000; 83(3): 203 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Van Naarden and P. Decouflé Relative and Attributable Risks for Moderate to Profound Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Impairment Associated With Lower Birth Weight in Children 3 to 10 Years Old Pediatrics, October 1, 1999; 104(4): 905 - 910. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Fuentes-Afflick, N. A. Hessol, and E. J. Perez-Stable Testing the Epidemiologic Paradox of Low Birth Weight in Latinos Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, February 1, 1999; 153(2): 147 - 153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. FORASTIERE, J. BALMES, M. SCARINCI, and I. B. TAGER Occupation, Asthma, and Chronic Respiratory Symptoms in a Community Sample of Older Women Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 1998; 157(6): 1864 - 1870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. D. Gayle, M. J. Dibley, J. S. Marks, and F. L. Trowbridge Malnutrition in the First Two Years of Life: The Contribution of Low Birth Weight to Population Estimates in the United States Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, May 1, 1987; 141(5): 531 - 534. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|