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IJE Advance Access originally published online on August 6, 2009
International Journal of Epidemiology 2009 38(5):1401-1410; doi:10.1093/ije/dyp255
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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2009; all rights reserved.

Enhanced post-natal growth is associated with elevated blood pressure in young Senegalese adults

Amandine Cournil1,*, Aminata Ndiaye Coly2, Aldiouma Diallo3 and Kirsten Bork Simondon1

1 IRD, UR024 (Epidémiologie et Prévention), Montpellier, France.
2 UCAD, Laboratoire de Nutrition et Alimentation Humaines, Dakar, Senegal.
3 IRD, US009, Dakar, Senegal.

* Corresponding author. UR 024 (Epidémiologie et Prévention), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Montpellier, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France. E-mail: amandine.cournil{at}ird.fr


  Abstract

Background Evidence suggests that intrauterine growth restriction followed by rapid post-natal growth is associated with high blood pressure. We assessed the effect of early size and post-natal growth on blood pressure in a population from West Africa, where fetal growth retardation and childhood malnutrition are common.

Methods A total of 1288 Senegalese subjects were followed from infancy to young adulthood (mean age 17.9 years). Adult systolic blood pressure (SBP) was regressed on infant and adult anthropometric characteristics.

Results In unadjusted analyses, infant size was positively associated with adult SBP (1.1 ± 0.3; P = 0.001 for weight; 0.7 ± 0.3; P = 0.04 for length). With adjustment for current size, the regression coefficients for infant size were reversed (–0.2 ± 0.3; P = 0.51 for weight; –0.3 ± 0.3; P = 0.35 for length). SBP increased by 4.1 and 2.9 mmHg for 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in current weight or height, respectively. No interaction between infant size and current size was found in the overall models (P = 0.11 for weight, P = 0.95 for height), but this term interacted with sex for weight effect. A negative interaction was found in males (–0.9 ± 0.4; P = 0.02) but not in females (0.3 ± 0.4; P = 0.46). The association of current weight with SBP was stronger in lighter weight male infants.

Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that subjects who were small in early life and experienced enhanced post-natal growth have higher levels of SBP, even in low-income settings.

Keywords Blood pressure, infant body size, growth, developing countries, cohort study

Accepted 25 June 2009


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