IJE Advance Access originally published online on May 3, 2006
International Journal of Epidemiology 2006 35(4):1011-1021; doi:10.1093/ije/dyl085
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Published by Oxford University Press 2006
Cancer |
A comparison of two dietary instruments for evaluating the fat–breast cancer relationship
1 Gertner Institute for Epidemiology, Tel Hashomer, Israel
2 Division of Cancer Control and Population Studies, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
3 Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
4 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
5 Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
6 Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
* Corresponding author. National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd, Suite 3124, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. E-mail: victor_kipnis{at}nih.gov
Background Previous research suggests food diaries may be more efficient than food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in detecting a dietary fat–breast cancer relationship. We assessed this further using 4 day food records (FRs) and FFQs in a large sample.
Methods Participants were from the non-intervention group of the dietary modification component of the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial: 603 breast cancer cases and 1206 controls matched on age, clinic, and length of follow-up. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for confounders and for the selection into the trial of women with an FFQ report exceeding 32% calories from fat. Direct comparison of the statistical power of the two instruments used the standardized log RR. An alternative analysis after removing subjects with missing covariate data was also conducted.
Results The RR estimate for breast cancer in the top quintile of total fat intake, adjusted for confounders and total energy, was 1.82 (P for trend 0.02) for the FR but 0.67 for the FFQ (P for trend 0.24). Following adjustment for selection, estimates were 2.09 (P for trend 0.008) for the FR (alternative: 2.54, P for trend 0.006) and 1.71 (P for trend 0.18) for the FFQ (alternative: 1.24, P for trend 0.41). Similar results were seen for fat subtypes, particularly unsaturated fats. Comparisons showed higher statistical power for the FR than the FFQ (e.g. total fat, P = 0.08: alternative P = 0.01).
Conclusions Alternative instruments, such as FRs, may be preferable to FFQs for evaluating diet–disease relationships in cohort studies. The results support a positive association between dietary fat and breast cancer.
Keywords Breast cancer, dietary fat, food frequency questionnaire, multiple-day food record
Accepted 4 March 2006
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. Schatzkin, A. F. Subar, S. Moore, Y. Park, N. Potischman, F. E. Thompson, M. Leitzmann, A. Hollenbeck, K. G. Morrissey, and V. Kipnis Observational Epidemiologic Studies of Nutrition and Cancer: The Next Generation (with Better Observation) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2009; 18(4): 1026 - 1032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Kristal Are Clinical Trials the "Gold Standard" for Cancer Prevention Research? Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2008; 17(12): 3289 - 3291. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Sieri, V. Krogh, P. Ferrari, F. Berrino, V. Pala, A. C. Thiebaut, A. Tjonneland, A. Olsen, K. Overvad, M. U. Jakobsen, et al. Dietary fat and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2008; 88(5): 1304 - 1312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Bingham, R. Luben, A. Welch, Y. L. Low, K. T. Khaw, N. Wareham, and N. Day Associations between dietary methods and biomarkers, and between fruits and vegetables and risk of ischaemic heart disease, in the EPIC Norfolk Cohort Study Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2008; 37(5): 978 - 987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. E. Rohan, A. Negassa, B. Caan, R. T. Chlebowski, J. D. Curb, M. Ginsberg, D. S. Lane, M. L. Neuhouser, J. M. Shikany, S. Wassertheil-Smoller, et al. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Benign Proliferative Breast Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Dietary Modification Trial Cancer Prevention Research, September 1, 2008; 1(4): 275 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Nothlings, K. Hoffmann, M. M. Bergmann, and H. Boeing Fitting Portion Sizes in a Self-Administered Food Frequency Questionnaire J. Nutr., December 1, 2007; 137(12): 2781 - 2786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Pierce, V. A. Newman, L. Natarajan, S. W. Flatt, W. K. Al-Delaimy, B. J. Caan, J. A. Emond, S. Faerber, E. B. Gold, R. A. Hajek, et al. Telephone Counseling Helps Maintain Long-Term Adherence to a High-Vegetable Dietary Pattern J. Nutr., October 1, 2007; 137(10): 2291 - 2296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. S. Freedman, A. Schatzkin, A. C.M. Thiebaut, N. Potischman, A. F. Subar, F. E. Thompson, and V. Kipnis Abandon neither the Food Frequency Questionnaire nor the Dietary Fat-Breast Cancer Hypothesis Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2007; 16(6): 1321 - 1322. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Schatzkin, T. Mouw, Y. Park, A. F Subar, V. Kipnis, A. Hollenbeck, M. F Leitzmann, and F. E Thompson Dietary fiber and whole-grain consumption in relation to colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2007; 85(5): 1353 - 1360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. M. Thiebaut, V. Kipnis, S.-C. Chang, A. F. Subar, F. E. Thompson, P. S. Rosenberg, A. R. Hollenbeck, M. Leitzmann, and A. Schatzkin Dietary Fat and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort J Natl Cancer Inst, March 21, 2007; 99(6): 451 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Wanke, C. Daston, A. Slonim, P. S. Albert, K. Snyder, A. Schatzkin, and E. Lanza Adherence to the Polyp Prevention Trial Dietary Intervention Is Associated with a Behavioral Pattern of Adherence to Nondietary Trial Requirements and General Health Recommendations J. Nutr., February 1, 2007; 137(2): 391 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. C. Willett and F. B. Hu The Food Frequency Questionnaire Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2007; 16(1): 182 - 183. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. M. Thiebaut, A. Schatzkin, R. Ballard-Barbash, and V. Kipnis Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer: Contributions From a Survival Trial J Natl Cancer Inst, December 20, 2006; 98(24): 1753 - 1755. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. Chlebowski, G. L. Blackburn, C. A. Thomson, D. W. Nixon, A. Shapiro, M. K. Hoy, M. T. Goodman, A. E. Giuliano, N. Karanja, P. McAndrew, et al. Dietary Fat Reduction and Breast Cancer Outcome: Interim Efficacy Results From the Women's Intervention Nutrition Study J Natl Cancer Inst, December 20, 2006; 98(24): 1767 - 1776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Kristal and J. D. Potter Not the Time to Abandon the Food Frequency Questionnaire: Counterpoint Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2006; 15(10): 1759 - 1760. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. SMITH Mensuration, Mendel, and a 19th century public health justification for US imperialism Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2006; 35(4): 811 - 813. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A Bingham and N. Day Commentary: Fat and breast cancer: time to re-evaluate both methods and results? Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2006; 35(4): 1022 - 1024. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|