IJE Advance Access originally published online on October 31, 2005
International Journal of Epidemiology 2006 35(1):121-130; doi:10.1093/ije/dyi218
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Article |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy in relation to child overweight: follow-up to age 8 years
1 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
2 Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
3 Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
* Corresponding author: Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Mail Drop A3-05, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. E-mail: chen17{at}niehs.nih.gov
Background Data from several studies indicate that children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy may be at a risk of overweight compared with children of non-smoking mothers. The size of this relation, however, is unclear, as is the age at which it becomes detectable.
Methods Prospective data for 34 866 children enrolled in the US Collaborative Perinatal Project were analysed to examine maternal pregnancy smoking in relation to weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) in offspring at ages 1, 3, 4, 7, and 8 years.
Results Compared with offspring of non-smokers, children of smokers had (i) weight that was lower at birth but then quickly equalled or exceeded that of non-smokers, (ii) consistently decreased height, and (iii) increased risk of overweight, particularly in girls. For example, at age 7 years, the adjusted odds ratio of BMI 
85th percentile in boys of mothers who smoked on an average 20 cigarettes per day while pregnant was 1.22 (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.46), and in girls it was 1.30 (1.08–1.56).
Conclusions In these data, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a modest increase in risk of overweight in children before the age of 8 years.
Keywords Smoking, pregnancy, child, obesity, body mass index
Accepted 24 May 2005
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. L. White, M. N. Purpera, and C. D. Morrison Maternal obesity is necessary for programming effect of high-fat diet on offspring Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2009; 296(5): R1464 - R1472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. C. Geerts, M. L. Bots, D. E. Grobbee, and C. S.P.M. Uiterwaal Parental Smoking and Vascular Damage in Young Adult Offspring: Is Early Life Exposure Critical?: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2008; 28(12): 2296 - 2302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Sharma, M. E. Cogswell, and R. Li Dose-Response Associations Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Subsequent Childhood Obesity: Effect Modification by Maternal Race/Ethnicity in a Low-Income US Cohort Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2008; 168(9): 995 - 1007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Gilman, H. Gardener, and S. L. Buka Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Children's Cognitive and Physical Development: A Causal Risk Factor? Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2008; 168(5): 522 - 531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A Mendez, M. Torrent, C. Ferrer, N. Ribas-Fito, and J. Sunyer Maternal smoking very early in pregnancy is related to child overweight at age 5-7 y, Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2008; 87(6): 1906 - 1913. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. von Kries, G. Bolte, L. Baghi, A. M. Toschke, and for the GME Study Group Parental smoking and childhood obesity--is maternal smoking in pregnancy the critical exposure? Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2008; 37(1): 210 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L. Pennell and D. B. Dunson Fitting semiparametric random effects models to large data sets Biostat., October 1, 2007; 8(4): 821 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. C. Geerts, D. E. Grobbee, C. K. van der Ent, B. M. de Jong, M. M. van der Zalm, N. van Putte-Katier, J. L.L. Kimpen, and C. S.P.M. Uiterwaal Tobacco Smoke Exposure of Pregnant Mothers and Blood Pressure in Their Newborns: Results from the Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn Birth Cohort Hypertension, September 1, 2007; 50(3): 572 - 578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-J. A. Brion, S. D. Leary, G. D. Smith, and A. R. Ness Similar Associations of Parental Prenatal Smoking Suggest Child Blood Pressure Is Not Influenced by Intrauterine Effects Hypertension, June 1, 2007; 49(6): 1422 - 1428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|