International Journal of Epidemiology 2000;29:49-56
© International Epidemiological Association 2000
Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland, 1972–1997
Reprint requests to: Dr Erkki Vartiainen, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: erkki.vartiainen{at}ktl.fi
Background The cardiovascular risk factor levels of the population have been assessed in Finland since 1972. In the beginning the surveys were done to evaluate the North Karelia Project, which was a community-based preventive programme. A national cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention strategy was developed and implemented during the late 1970s. Subsequently, a national cardiovascular risk factors monitoring system was developed to assess the effectiveness of the national strategy.
Methods Cross-sectional population samples were studied in 1972 and 1977 in North Karelia and Kuopio provinces in eastern Finland. An area in southwestern Finland was included in 1982, followed by the Helsinki metropolitan area in 1992 and Oulu province in northern Finland in 1997. A total of 19 761 men and 20 761 women aged 30–59 participated in the six surveys (1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997).
Results The serum cholesterol levels of both genders have continuously declined. Systolic blood pressure levels have declined since 1972, but no further decline in diastolic blood pressure was found in 1997. Smoking prevalence among men continued to decline mainly due to an increase in the percentage of never-smokers. For the first time the increase in smoking prevalence among women levelled off and started to decline, mainly because the number of female quitters had increased.
Conclusions These data suggest that the cardiovascular health programme in Finland has succeeded in decreasing the general risk factor level of the population.
Keywords Cardiovascular diseases, prevention, risk factors
Accepted 22 June 1999
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  E. Ketola, T. Laatikainen, and E. Vartiainen Evaluating risk for cardiovascular diseases--vain or value? How do different cardiovascular risk scores act in real life Eur J Public Health, February 1, 2010; 20(1): 107 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P.-P. Laurila, J. Naukkarinen, K. Kristiansson, S. Ripatti, T. Kauttu, K. Silander, V. Salomaa, M. Perola, P. J. Karhunen, P. J. Barter, et al. Genetic Association and Interaction Analysis of USF1 and APOA5 on Lipid Levels and Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2010; 30(2): 346 - 352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hu, P. Jousilahti, R. Antikainen, P. T. Katzmarzyk, and J. Tuomilehto Joint Effects of Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio on the Risk of Heart Failure Circulation, January 19, 2010; 121(2): 237 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Vartiainen, T. Laatikainen, M. Peltonen, A. Juolevi, S. Mannisto, J. Sundvall, P. Jousilahti, V. Salomaa, L. Valsta, and P. Puska Thirty-five-year trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Finland Int. J. Epidemiol., December 3, 2009; (2009) dyp330v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. T. Cooney, A. L. Dudina, and I. M. Graham Value and limitations of existing scores for the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a review for clinicians. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 29, 2009; 54(14): 1209 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Saarela, S. Kulathinal, and J. Karvanen Joint analysis of prevalence and incidence data using conditional likelihood Biostat., July 1, 2009; 10(3): 575 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hu, P. Jousilahti, J. Tuomilehto, R. Antikainen, J. Sundvall, and V. Salomaa Association of Serum C-Reactive Protein Level with Sex-Specific Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Prospective Finnish Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2009; 94(6): 2099 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K C R Patel, R Minhas, P Gill, K Khunti, and R Clayton Vascular risk checks in the UK: strategic challenges for implementation Heart, June 1, 2009; 95(11): 866 - 867. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Nakanishi, R. Vikstedt, S. Soderlund, M. Lee-Rueckert, A. Hiukka, C. Ehnholm, M. Muilu, J. Metso, J. Naukkarinen, L. Palotie, et al. Serum, but not monocyte macrophage foam cells derived from low HDL-C subjects, displays reduced cholesterol efflux capacity J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2009; 50(2): 183 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Lahti-Koski, O. Taskinen, M. Simila, S. Mannisto, T. Laatikainen, P. Knekt, and L. M. Valsta Mapping geographical variation in obesity in Finland Eur J Public Health, December 1, 2008; 18(6): 637 - 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Orho-Melander, O. Melander, C. Guiducci, P. Perez-Martinez, D. Corella, C. Roos, R. Tewhey, M. J. Rieder, J. Hall, G. Abecasis, et al. Common Missense Variant in the Glucokinase Regulatory Protein Gene Is Associated With Increased Plasma Triglyceride and C-Reactive Protein but Lower Fasting Glucose Concentrations Diabetes, November 1, 2008; 57(11): 3112 - 3121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Ahnstrom, O. Axler, M. Jauhiainen, V. Salomaa, A. S. Havulinna, C. Ehnholm, R. Frikke-Schmidt, A. Tybjaerg-Hansen, and B. Dahlback Levels of apolipoprotein M are not associated with the risk of coronary heart disease in two independent case-control studies J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2008; 49(9): 1912 - 1917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Borodulin, T. Laatikainen, A. Juolevi, and P. Jousilahti Thirty-year trends of physical activity in relation to age, calendar time and birth cohort in Finnish adults Eur J Public Health, June 1, 2008; 18(3): 339 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hu, R. Antikainen, P. Jousilahti, M. Kivipelto, and J. Tuomilehto Total cholesterol and the risk of Parkinson disease Neurology, May 20, 2008; 70(21): 1972 - 1979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Muller-Nordhorn, S. Binting, S. Roll, and S. N. Willich An update on regional variation in cardiovascular mortality within Europe Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2008; 29(10): 1316 - 1326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Sheffer and R. Calderon-Margalit Trends in overweight, obesity and blood pressure among Israeli working adults--implications for public health Eur J Public Health, April 1, 2008; 18(2): 121 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, J. Lindstrom, P. Jousilahti, M. Peltonen, L. Sjoberg, R. Kaaja, J. Sundvall, and J. Tuomilehto The Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Finnish Men and Women over a Decade J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2008; 93(3): 832 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Grundy A changing paradigm for prevention of cardiovascular disease: emergence of the metabolic syndrome as a multiplex risk factor Eur. Heart J. Suppl., March 1, 2008; 10(suppl_B): B16 - B23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, P. Jousilahti, and J. Tuomilehto Joint effects of history of hypertension at baseline and type 2 diabetes at baseline and during follow-up on the risk of coronary heart disease Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2007; 28(24): 3059 - 3066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authors/Task Force Members, I. Graham, D. Atar, K. Borch-Johnsen, G. Boysen, G. Burell, R. Cifkova, J. Dallongeville, G. De Backer, S. Ebrahim, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2007; 28(19): 2375 - 2414. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hu, P. Jousilahti, A. Nissinen, S. Bidel, R. Antikainen, and J. Tuomilehto Coffee consumption and the incidence of antihypertensive drug treatment in Finnish men and women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2007; 86(2): 457 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hu, J. Tuomilehto, K. Silventoinen, C. Sarti, S. Mannisto, and P. Jousilahti Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Waist-Hip Ratio on the Risk of Total and Type-Specific Stroke Arch Intern Med, July 9, 2007; 167(13): 1420 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hu, P. Jousilahti, S. Bidel, R. Antikainen, and J. Tuomilehto Type 2 Diabetes and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease Diabetes Care, April 1, 2007; 30(4): 842 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Solomon, I. Kareholt, T. Ngandu, B. Winblad, A. Nissinen, J. Tuomilehto, H. Soininen, and M. Kivipelto Serum cholesterol changes after midlife and late-life cognition: Twenty-one-year follow-up study Neurology, March 6, 2007; 68(10): 751 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Sovio, V. King, J. Miettunen, E. Ek, J. Laitinen, M. Joukamaa, J. Veijola, and M.-R. Jarvelin Cloninger's Temperament Dimensions, Socio-economic and Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome Markers at Age 31 Years in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 J Health Psychol, March 1, 2007; 12(2): 371 - 382. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, J. Tuomilehto, K. Borodulin, and P. Jousilahti The joint associations of occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity, and the Framingham risk score on the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2007; 28(4): 492 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, P. Jousilahti, A. Nissinen, R. Antikainen, M. Kivipelto, and J. Tuomilehto Body mass index and the risk of Parkinson disease Neurology, December 12, 2006; 67(11): 1955 - 1959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Huovinen, T. Harkanen, T. Martelin, S. Koskinen, and A. Aromaa Predicting coronary heart disease mortality--assessing uncertainties in population forecasts and death probabilities by using Bayesian inference Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2006; 35(5): 1246 - 1252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-H. Lee, K. Silventoinen, G. Hu, D. R. Jacobs Jr, P. Jousilahti, J. Sundvall, and J. Tuomilehto Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase predicts non-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease among 28 838 middle-aged men and women Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2006; 27(18): 2170 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. MANNINEN, K. POIKOLAINEN, E. VARTIAINEN, and T. LAATIKAINEN HEAVY DRINKING OCCASIONS AND DEPRESSION Alcohol Alcohol., May 1, 2006; 41(3): 293 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Watanabe, S. Soderlund, A. Soro-Paavonen, A. Hiukka, E. Leinonen, C. Alagona, R. Salonen, T.-P. Tuomainen, C. Ehnholm, M. Jauhiainen, et al. Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Particle Size, Pre{beta}-, and Large HDL Subspecies Concentration in Finnish Low-HDL Families: Relationship With Intima-Media Thickness Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2006; 26(4): 897 - 902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kattainen, V. Salomaa, T. Harkanen, A. Jula, R. Kaaja, Y. A. Kesaniemi, M. Kahonen, L. Moilanen, M. S. Nieminen, A. Aromaa, et al. Coronary heart disease: from a disease of middle-aged men in the late 1970s to a disease of elderly women in the 2000s Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2006; 27(3): 296 - 301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Suviolahti, K. Reue, R. M. Cantor, J. Phan, M. Gentile, J. Naukkarinen, A. Soro-Paavonen, L. Oksanen, J. Kaprio, A. Rissanen, et al. Cross-species analyses implicate Lipin 1 involvement in human glucose metabolism Hum. Mol. Genet., February 1, 2006; 15(3): 377 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hu, C. Sarti, P. Jousilahti, M. Peltonen, Q. Qiao, R. Antikainen, and J. Tuomilehto The Impact of History of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes at Baseline on the Incidence of Stroke and Stroke Mortality Stroke, December 1, 2005; 36(12): 2538 - 2543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Ballantyne, B. Arroll, and J. Shepherd Lipids and CVD management: towards a global consensus Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2005; 26(21): 2224 - 2231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Laatikainen, J. Critchley, E. Vartiainen, V. Salomaa, M. Ketonen, and S. Capewell Explaining the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Finland between 1982 and 1997 Am. J. Epidemiol., October 15, 2005; 162(8): 764 - 773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Unal, J. A. Critchley, and S. Capewell Modelling the decline in coronary heart disease deaths in England and Wales, 1981-2000: comparing contributions from primary prevention and secondary prevention BMJ, September 17, 2005; 331(7517): 614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, C. Sarti, P. Jousilahti, K. Silventoinen, N. C. Barengo, and J. Tuomilehto Leisure Time, Occupational, and Commuting Physical Activity and the Risk of Stroke Stroke, September 1, 2005; 36(9): 1994 - 1999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, P. Jousilahti, Q. Qiao, M. Peltonen, S. Katoh, and J. Tuomilehto The Gender-Specific Impact of Diabetes and Myocardial Infarction at Baseline and During Follow-Up on Mortality From All Causes and Coronary Heart Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 3, 2005; 45(9): 1413 - 1418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Saaristo, M. Peltonen, J. Lindstrom, L. Saarikoski, J. Sundvall, J. G. Eriksson, and J. Tuomilehto Cross-sectional evaluation of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score: a tool to identify undetected type 2 diabetes, abnormal glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, May 1, 2005; 2(2): 67 - 72. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Jousilahti, V. Salomaa, K. Kuulasmaa, M. Niemela, and E. Vartiainen Total and cause specific mortality among participants and non-participants of population based health surveys: a comprehensive follow up of 54 372 Finnish men and women J Epidemiol Community Health, April 1, 2005; 59(4): 310 - 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, P. Jousilahti, N. C. Barengo, Q. Qiao, T. A. Lakka, and J. Tuomilehto Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Mortality Among Finnish Adults With Diabetes Diabetes Care, April 1, 2005; 28(4): 799 - 805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Silventoinen, J. Pankow, P. Jousilahti, G. Hu, and J. Tuomilehto Educational inequalities in the metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease among middle-aged men and women Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2005; 34(2): 327 - 334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Juonala, J. S.A. Viikari, M. Kahonen, L. Taittonen, T. Ronnemaa, T. Laitinen, N. Maki-Torkko, V. Mikkila, L. Rasanen, H. K. Akerblom, et al. Geographic Origin as a Determinant of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2005; 25(2): 392 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. C Barengo, G. Hu, T. A Lakka, H. Pekkarinen, A. Nissinen, and J. Tuomilehto Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women in Finland Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2004; 25(24): 2204 - 2211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, J. Tuomilehto, K. Silventoinen, N. Barengo, and P. Jousilahti Joint effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio with the risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged Finnish men and women Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2004; 25(24): 2212 - 2219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-R. Jarvelin, U. Sovio, V. King, L. Lauren, B. Xu, M. I. McCarthy, A.-L. Hartikainen, J. Laitinen, P. Zitting, P. Rantakallio, et al. Early Life Factors and Blood Pressure at Age 31 Years in the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Hypertension, December 1, 2004; 44(6): 838 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. Lee, K. Silventoinen, D. R. Jacobs Jr., P. Jousilahti, and J. Tuomileto {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase, Obesity, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Observational Cohort Study among 20,158 Middle-Aged Men and Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5410 - 5414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Emberson, P. Whincup, R. Morris, and M Walker Reducing social inequalities and the prevention of coronary heart disease Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2004; 33(5): 1152 - 1153. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, J. Eriksson, N. C. Barengo, T. A. Lakka, T. T. Valle, A. Nissinen, P. Jousilahti, and J. Tuomilehto Occupational, Commuting, and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Relation to Total and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Finnish Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Circulation, August 10, 2004; 110(6): 666 - 673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Helakorpi, T Martelin, J Torppa, K Patja, E Vartiainen, and A Uutela Did Finland's Tobacco Control Act of 1976 have an impact on ever smoking? An examination based on male and female cohort trends J Epidemiol Community Health, August 1, 2004; 58(8): 649 - 654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Jiang, W.-z. Wang, S.-p. Wu, X.-l. Du, and Q.-j. Bao Effects of Urban Community Intervention on 3-Year Survival and Recurrence After First-Ever Stroke Stroke, June 1, 2004; 35(6): 1242 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Taponen, H. Martikainen, M.-R. Jarvelin, U. Sovio, J. Laitinen, A. Pouta, A.-L. Hartikainen, M. I. McCarthy, S. Franks, M. Paldanius, et al. Metabolic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women with Self-Reported Symptoms of Oligomenorrhea and/or Hirsutism: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2004; 89(5): 2114 - 2118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, J. Lindstrom, T. T. Valle, J. G. Eriksson, P. Jousilahti, K. Silventoinen, Q. Qiao, and J. Tuomilehto Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Normal or Impaired Glucose Regulation Arch Intern Med, April 26, 2004; 164(8): 892 - 896. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Tuomilehto, G. Hu, S. Bidel, J. Lindstrom, and P. Jousilahti Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Middle-aged Finnish Men and Women JAMA, March 10, 2004; 291(10): 1213 - 1219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Vartiainen A lot more can be done to prevent cardiovascular diseases Eur. Heart J., March 2, 2004; 25(6): 457 - 458. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Kousa, E Moltchanova, M Viik-Kajander, M Rytkonen, J Tuomilehto, T Tarvainen, and M Karvonen Geochemistry of ground water and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finland J Epidemiol Community Health, February 1, 2004; 58(2): 136 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sivenius, J. Tuomilehto, P. Immonen-Raiha, M. Kaarisalo, C. Sarti, J. Torppa, K. Kuulasmaa, M. Mahonen, A. Lehtonen, and V. Salomaa Continuous 15-Year Decrease in Incidence and Mortality of Stroke in Finland: The FINSTROKE Study Stroke, February 1, 2004; 35(2): 420 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hu, N. C. Barengo, J. Tuomilehto, T. A. Lakka, A. Nissinen, and P. Jousilahti Relationship of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index to the Risk of Hypertension: A Prospective Study in Finland Hypertension, January 1, 2004; 43(1): 25 - 30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. E. Kottke What is the optimal diet for cardiovascular health? BMJ, October 6, 2003; 327(7418): E31 - 32. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Pussinen, T. Laatikainen, G. Alfthan, S. Asikainen, and P. Jousilahti Periodontitis Is Associated with a Low Concentration of Vitamin C in Plasma Clin. Vaccine Immunol., September 1, 2003; 10(5): 897 - 902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Salomaa, M. Ketonen, H. Koukkunen, P. Immonen-Raiha, T. Jerkkola, P. Karja-Koskenkari, M. Mahonen, M. Niemela, K. Kuulasmaa, P. Palomaki, et al. Decline in Out-of-Hospital Coronary Heart Disease Deaths Has Contributed the Main Part to the Overall Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Rates Among Persons 35 to 64 Years of Age in Finland: The FINAMI Study Circulation, August 12, 2003; 108(6): 691 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Silventoinen, P. Jousilahti, E. Vartiainen, and J. Tuomilehto Appropriateness of anthropometric obesity indicators in assessment of coronary heart disease risk among Finnish men and women Scand J Public Health, August 1, 2003; 31(4): 283 - 290. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Soro, M. Jauhiainen, C. Ehnholm, and M.-R. Taskinen Determinants of low HDL levels in familial combined hyperlipidemia J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2003; 44(8): 1536 - 1544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B Unal, J A Critchley, and S Capewell Missing, mediocre, or merely obsolete? An evaluation of UK data sources for coronary heart disease J Epidemiol Community Health, July 1, 2003; 57(7): 530 - 535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.M. Conroy, K. Pyorala, A.P. Fitzgerald, S. Sans, A. Menotti, G. De Backer, D. De Bacquer, P. Ducimetiere, P. Jousilahti, U. Keil, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2003; 24(11): 987 - 1003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Laatikainen, L Manninen, K Poikolainen, and E Vartiainen Increased mortality related to heavy alcohol intake pattern J Epidemiol Community Health, May 1, 2003; 57(5): 379 - 384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Salomaa, M. Ketonen, H. Koukkunen, P. Immonen-Raiha, T. Jerkkola, P. Karja-Koskenkari, M. Mahonen, M. Niemela, K. Kuulasmaa, P. Palomaki, et al. Trends in coronary events in Finland during 1983-1997; The FINAMI study Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2003; 24(4): 311 - 319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Salmi, C. Stolen, P. Jousilahti, G. G. Yegutkin, P. Tapanainen, T. Janatuinen, M. Knip, S. Jalkanen, and V. Salomaa Insulin-Regulated Increase of Soluble Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 in Diabetes Am. J. Pathol., December 1, 2002; 161(6): 2255 - 2262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F Levi, F Lucchini, E Negri, and C La Vecchia Trends in mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Europe and other areas of the world Heart, August 1, 2002; 88(2): 119 - 124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Lahti-Koski, P. Pietinen, M. Heliovaara, and E. Vartiainen Associations of body mass index and obesity with physical activity, food choices, alcohol intake, and smoking in the 1982-1997 FINRISK Studies Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2002; 75(5): 809 - 817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hu, H. Pekkarinen, P. Halonen, O. Hanninen, H. Tian, Z. Guo, and E. Kumpusalo Different worlds, different tasks for health promotion: comparisons of health risk profiles in Chinese and Finnish rural people Health Promot. Int., December 1, 2001; 16(4): 315 - 320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. M. Ruigrok, E. Buskens, and G. J. E. Rinkel Attributable Risk of Common and Rare Determinants of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Stroke, May 1, 2001; 32(5): 1173 - 1175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|