International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 28, 241-246, Copyright © 1999 by International Epidemiological Association
CA Coupland, SJ Cliffe, EJ Bassey, MJ Grainge, DJ Hosking and CE Chilvers
BACKGROUND: Reduced levels of physical activity have been found to be
associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture in a number of
epidemiological studies, and intervention studies have shown beneficial
effects of exercise regimes on bone mineral density. It is not yet
established, however, which specific forms of customary physical activity
are most strongly associated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal
women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 580 postmenopausal
women, aged 45-61 years, resident in Nottingham, England. The participants
completed a detailed interviewer- administered activity questionnaire.
Physical activity was assessed as total hours of participation per week in
activities including housework, walking, gardening and sports.
Stair-climbing and self- reported walking pace were also reported. Bone
mineral density measurements were made using dual energy x-ray
absorptiometry, measurements at five sites were used in analysis. RESULTS:
The strongest associations between the activity measures and bone mineral
density were for stair-climbing and walking pace, which both gave
statistically significant positive associations at the trochanter hip site
and the whole body. In women reporting a fairly brisk or fast walking pace,
bone mineral density at the proximal femur was also significantly and
positively associated with the frequency of walking at least a mile. There
were no significant associations with aggregate measures of total customary
physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified two forms of
physical activity, namely stair-climbing and brisk walking which are
associated with increased bone mineral density at the hip and whole body in
postmenopausal women. Both are feasible forms of activity for promoting to
middle-aged women.
ARTICLES
Habitual physical activity and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in England
Division of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK.
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