International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 28, 77-81, Copyright © 1999 by International Epidemiological Association
D Leibovici, K Ritchie, B Ledesert and J Touchon
BACKGROUND: Evidence relating to the potentially protective effect of
smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to senescent cognitive decline
and Alzheimer's disease is inconclusive. METHODS: The relationship between
wine and tobacco consumption and cognitive change was assessed within a
longitudinal study of normal elderly people showing recent instability in
cognitive functioning using an extensive battery of cognitive tests.
RESULTS: While moderate wine consumption was found to be associated with a
fourfold diminishing of the risk of Alzheimer's disease (OR = 0.26), as
found in other studies, this effect was found to disappear when
institutionalization was taken into account. Wine consumption was
associated with an increased risk of decline over time in attention and in
secondary memory. No protective effect for Alzheimer's disease was found
for smoking, although smoking was associated with a decreased risk for
decline over time in attentional and visuospatial functioning. No clear
combined effect of smoking and drinking was found, even though smoking was
found to increase the risk of decline in language performance when adjusted
on wine consumption. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence to suggest that wine
and tobacco consumption may protect against Alzheimer's disease.
ARTICLES
The effects of wine and tobacco consumption on cognitive performance in the elderly: a longitudinal study of relative risk
INSERM CJF 97-02, Epidemiology of Neurodegenerative Pathologies of the CNS, CRLC Val D'Aurelle, Montpellier, France.
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