© 1998 Oxford University Press
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Exposure to nitrogen dioxide and the occurrence of bronchial obstruction in children below 2 years
aDepartment of Population Health Sciences, National Institute of Public Health PO Box 4404 Torshov, 0403 Oslo, Norway
bDepartment of Pediatrics, Ulleväl Hospital Oslo, Norway
cDepartment of Environmental Medicine, National Institute of Public Health Oslo, Norway
dDepartment of Thoradc Medicine Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
eVoksentoppen Center for Asthma and Allergy Oslo, Norway
fDepartment of Mathematics, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
BACKGROUND: The objective of the investigation was to test the hypothesis that exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has a causal influence on the occurrence of bronchial obstruction in children below 2 years of age.
METHODS: A nested case-control study with 153 one-to-one matched pairs was conducted within a cohort of 3754 children born in Oslo in 1992/93. Cases were children who developed 
2 episodes of bronchial obstruction or one episode lasting >4 weeks. Controls were matched for date of birth. Exposure measurements were performed in the same 14-day period within matched pairs. The NO2 exposure was measured with personal samplers carried close to each child and by stationary samplers outdoors and indoors.
RESULTS: Few children (4.6%) were exposed to levels of NO2 30 µg/m3 (average concentration during a 14-day period). In the 153 matched pairs, the mean level of NO2 was 15.65 µg/m3 (± 0.60, SE) among cases and 15.37 (± 0.54) among controls (paired t = 0.38, P = 0.71).
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that NO2 exposure at levels observed in this study has no detectable effect on the risk of developing bronchial obstruction in children below 2 years of age.
Keywords Asthma, bronchial obstruction, NO2, car traffic, air pollution, case-control study
Accepted 17 March 1998
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