© 1998 Oxford University Press
research-article |
The association of calcium and vitamin D, and colon and rectal cancer in Wisconsin women
aUniversity of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center Madison, WI 53792, USA
Reprint requests to: Polly Newcomb. Women's Health Study, University of Wisconsin-Madison. 1300 University Avenue. Madison, WI 53706. USA
BACKGROUND: Calcium and vitamin D have been hypothesized to reduce colorectal cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence, however, is mixed.
METHODS: To explore those relationships, data were collected as part of a population-based, case-control study of colorectal cancer in Wisconsin women (678 controls, 348 colon and 164 rectal cancer cases). A semi-quantitative food frequency question naire was used to ascertain food and dietary supplement intake 2 years prior to interview. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR).
RESULTS: Higher levels of calcium intake were associated with reduced colon and rectal cancer risk. The following adjusted OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were observed, comparing the fifth quintile (based on control intake) with the first: colon cancer: OR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–1.0, P-trend: 0.03; rectal cancer: OR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–1.1, P-trend: 0.07. Similar relationships were observed for vitamin D intake, although OR were closer to the null value and did not always behave in a step-wise fashion (fifth quintile versus the first-colon cancer: OR=0.7, 95% CI: 0.4–1.1, P-trend: 0.05; rectal cancer: OR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.5–1.5, P-trend: 0.42).
CONCLUSION: These data support a protective association of calcium on colon and rectal cancer risk.
Keywords Calcium, colonic neoplasia, diet, rectal neoplasia, risk factors, vitamin D
Accepted 24 February 1998
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