© 1998 Oxford University Press
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An international case-control study of adult glioma and meningioma: the role of head trauma
aUniversity of Southern California (USC), Department of Preventive Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suites 4412- 4413, MS 44, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033-0800
bStatology, Truckee CA. USA
cGerman Cancer Research Centre Heidelberg. Germany
dColumbia University School of Public Health New York, NY, USA
eUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia
fCancer Registry of Isere Grenoble, France
gVictorian Cancer Registry Victoria. Australia
hInstitute for Environmental Medicine Stockholm, Sweden
iManitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation Manitoba, Canada
jUniversity of Aberdeen Medical School Aberdeen. Great Britain
kInternational Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon, France
BACKGROUND: Increased brain tumour risk after head trauma suggested by case reports and clinical series has been previously studied epidemiologicaily with mixed results. An international multicentre case-control study investigated the role of head trauma from injury or sports participation in adult brain tumour risk.
METHOD: In all, 1178 glioma and 330 meningioma cases were individually or frequency matched to 2236 controls. Only exposures that occurred at least 5 years before diagnosis and head injuries that received medical attention were considered.
RESULTS: Risk for ever having experienced a head injury was highest for male meningiomas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–2.6) but was lower for ‘serious’ injuries, i.e. those causing loss of consciousness, loss of memory or hospitalizatIon (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.6–2.3). Among male meningiomas, latency of 15 to 24 years significantly increased risk (OR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.7–16.6), and risk was elevated among those who participated in sports most correlated with head injury (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 0.7–5.3). Odds ratios were lower for male gliomas (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.9–1.5 for any injury; OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7–1.6 for serious injuries) and in females in general.
CONCLUSION: Evidence for elevated brain tumour risk after head trauma was strongest for meningiomas in men. Findings related to sports should be interpreted cautiously due to cultural variability in our data and our lack of complete data on physical exercise in general which appeared to be protective.
Keywords Head injuries, brain injuries, sports medicine
Accepted 2 December 1997
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