International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, S71-S81, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
S Bohlscheid-Thomas, I Hoting, H Boeing and J Wahrendorf
BACKGROUND: For use in the German part of the European Prospective
Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) a self-administered,
optically readable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed to
assess individuals' usual food and nutrient intake over the past year. The
food list comprised 158 food items for which the typical portion size, the
consumption frequency (1-6 times) and the time period (day, week, month, or
year) were requested. This paper reports the results of the reproducibility
and relative validity of nutrient intakes obtained by this instrument.
METHODS: The study was carried out from October 1991 to October 1992.
During this period, 104 men and women, aged 35-64 years, completed a
24-hour recall once a month, and the FFQ in the middle and at the end of
this study. A short questionnaire on global consumption patterns was used
to adjust the food consumption frequency given in the FFQ. RESULTS:
Reproducibility correlations varied from 0.59 for saturated fat to 0.88 for
alcohol, with most values falling between 0.60 and 0.70. Energy-adjustment
decreased the observed correlations for all nutrients. Correlations between
nutrient intake values from the 12-day average of dietary recalls and the
FFQ corrected for food consumption frequency ranged from 0.42 for
polyunsaturated fat to 0.88 for alcohol, followed by 0.65 for dietary
fibres. After de- attenuation and energy-adjustment the range of
correlations was somewhat wider (0.43-0.75, without alcohol). With regard
to classification, on average, 36% of subjects fell into the same quintile,
and 75% into within-one quintile when classified by the frequency-corrected
FFQ compared to the quintiles based on recalled data. CONCLUSIONS: In
summary, the newly developed FFQ showed fairly good reproducibility and
relative validity for most evaluated nutrients. The between-subject
variation of nutrients in the German cohort (including the participants
from East Germany) is likely to be greater than that among the subjects of
the pilot phase. A revised version of the FFQ corrected for food
consumption frequency is used in the EPIC study.
ARTICLES
Reproducibility and relative validity of energy and macronutrient intake of a food frequency questionnaire developed for the German part of the EPIC project. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Division of Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.
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