International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, S37-S48, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
MC Ocke, HB Bueno-de-Mesquita, HE Goddijn, A Jansen, MA Pols, WA van Staveren and D Kromhout
BACKGROUND: A self-administered food frequency questionnaire was developed
for the Dutch cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer
and Nutrition (EPIC). Habitual consumption of 178 food items can be
calculated from the questionnaire data. METHODS: Reproducibility and
relative validity for food group intake were investigated in a population
of 121 Dutch men and Women. The questionnaire was administered three times
at 6-month intervals in order to determine the reproducibility. To assess
the relative validity 12 monthly 24-hour recalls served as the reference
method. RESULTS: Spearman rank order correlation coefficients between
estimates of food group intake assessed by repeated questionnaires ranged
from 0.45 to 0.92. For men, Spearman correlation coefficients between
estimates of food group intake based on the questionnaire and those based
on 24-hour recalls ranged from 0.21 for cooked vegetables to 0.78 for sugar
and sweet products, with a range of 0.61. For women the median was 0.53,
with a minimum of 0.31 for vegetables and a maximum of 0.87 for alcoholic
beverages. The photographs in the questionnaire for the estimation of
portion sizes contributed little to the relative validity of the ranking of
subjects. However, on the group level most median food group estimates
based on photographic portion sizes were closer to the median intakes as
assessed by 24-hour recalls than those based on standard portion sizes.
CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire seems adequate for ranking Dutch EPIC
subjects according to intake of most food groups, although the relative
validity for some food groups, such as vegetables and fish, remains of
concern.
ARTICLES
The Dutch EPIC food frequency questionnaire. I. Description of the questionnaire, and relative validity and reproducibility for food groups
Department of Chronic Disease and Environmental Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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