International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, 837-843, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
P Rantakallio, P Jones, J Moring and L Von Wendt
BACKGROUND: Maternal exposure to influenza epidemics during pregnancy may
increase the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. We investigated the
association between central nervous system (CNS) infections defined
prospectively up to the age of 14, and later onset of schizophrenia and
other psychoses in the 1966 birth cohort in Northern Finland, which covers
96% of all births in the area during that year. METHODS: Data regarding CNS
infections were collected 1966- 1980. Registered diagnoses of psychoses in
1982-1993 were validated on DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: Out of 11,017
subjects, 145 had suffered a CNS infection during childhood, 102 of them a
viral infection, 76 had DSM-III-R schizophrenia and 53 some other
psychosis. Four cases of schizophrenia had suffered viral CNS infection and
two cases of other psychosis bacterial infection. When neurological
abnormalities and father's social class were adjusted odds ratio (OR) of
schizophrenia after viral CNS infection was 4.8 (95% confidence intervals
[CI] : 1.6- 14.0); the other significant risk factors being intelligence
quotient (IQ) < 85, perinatal brain damage and male sex but not
epilepsy. Similarly adjusted OR of other psychoses was 6.9 (95% CI:
1.4-32.8) after bacterial CNS infection; the other significant risk factors
being IQ < 85 and severe hearing defect. Two of the live viral
infections were caused by Coxsackie B5 during an epidemic in which 16
neonates were infected together. CONCLUSIONS: Central nervous system
infections during childhood clearly carried an increased risk of adult
onset schizophrenia or other psychoses, viral infections being important
for schizophrenia, particularly Coxsackie B5 during the newborn period.
ARTICLES
Association between central nervous system infections during childhood and adult onset schizophrenia and other psychoses: a 28-year follow-up
Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland.
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