International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, 788-796, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
LS Pilotto, RM Douglas, RG Attewell and SR Wilson
BACKGROUND: The human health effects of exposure to indoor nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) are unclear, and few studies have examined the effects of short-term
peak levels of exposure. METHODS: The association between indoor exposure
to NO2 and respiratory illness was examined in 388 children aged 6-11
years. The NO2 levels were monitored during winter in 41 classrooms, from
four schools with unflued gas heating and four schools with electric
heating. Each classroom was monitored daily with 6-hour passive diffusion
badge monitors over nine alternate weeks, and with hourly monitors over two
of those weeks. Children living in homes with unflued gas appliances were
also monitored daily over four evenings during times of gas use. RESULTS:
Exposure to NO2 at hourly peak levels of the order of > or = 80 ppb,
compared with background levels of 20 ppb, was associated with a
significant increase in sore throat, colds and absences from school. An
increase in cough with phlegm was marginally significant. Significant
dose-response relationships were demonstrated for these four measures with
increasing levels of NO2 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term peak levels of
exposure are important to consider in relation to adverse respiratory
effects associated with NO2 exposure.
ARTICLES
Respiratory effects associated with indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure in children
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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