International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, 256-263, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
RC Brownson, MC Alavanja, N Caporaso, E Berger and JC Chang
BACKGROUND: Genetic factors appear to play a role in the aetiology of lung
cancer. METHODS: To examine the association between family history of
cancer (all types) and risk of lung cancer among non-smokers, we conducted
a case-control study. Cases (n = 618) were identified through the Missouri
Cancer Registry for the period 1986 through 1991, and included 432 lifetime
non-smokers and 186 ex-smokers who had stopped at least 15 years prior to
diagnosis or had smoked for less than one pack- year. Controls (n = 1402)
were selected through drivers licence and Medicare files. RESULTS: The risk
of lung cancer increased directly in relation to the number of family
members affected with cancer. The odds ratio (OR) associated with five or
more first-degree relatives with cancer was 2.7 (95% confidence interval
[CI] 1.2-6.1), with a significant linear trend in risk according to the
number of relatives affected (P = 0.03). Increased lung cancer risk was
associated with two or more affected siblings (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.9)
and with two or more affected offspring (OR = 3.2: 95% CI: 1.3-8.1). Risk
was slightly elevated for family history of lung cancer (OR = 1.3; 95% CI:
1.0-1.8). CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified a slight increase in risk of
lung cancer in relation to five or more relatives with cancer. Preventive
implications of this increased risk are unclear because the attributable
fraction is low in comparison to a variety of other factors.
ARTICLES
Family history of cancer and risk of lung cancer in lifetime non- smokers and long-term ex-smokers
School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, MO 63108-3342, USA.
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