International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, 146-154, Copyright © 1997 by International Epidemiological Association
JA Pryer, M Vrijheid, R Nichols, M Kiggins and P Elliott
BACKGROUND: Underreportin in dietary surveys is a potential source of bias
in studies of diet and disease. The aim of this study was to identify
characteristics of men and women participants in the Dietary and
Nutritional Survey of British Adults (DNSBA) who stated that they were
neither slimming nor ill, and who reported an average energy intake over a
7-day period below 1.2 times estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR), termed
here 'low energy reporters' (LER). METHODS: In all, 2197 men and women aged
16-64 years participated in the DNSBA. Dietary intake was assessed using
the 7-day weighed intake method. Their BMR was estimated using predictive
equations based upon age, sex and body weight. RESULTS: Compared with
non-LER, LER had higher mean ratios of urinary urea nitrogen to dietary
nitrogen and urinary potassium to dietary potassium, indicating that, as a
group, LER were underreporting at least for protein and potassium intakes.
Overall LER were overrepresented among the manual social classes, smokers,
and self- reported non-alcohol drinkers, and were on average heavier than
non- LER. There was indication of differential reporting of foods and
differences in macronutrient and micronutrient densities between LER and
non-LER. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that LER may be overrepresented
within specific population subgroups and that underreporting bias may not
be food and nutrient neutral. This has implications for the design and
interpretation of studies of diet and disease.
ARTICLES
Who are the 'low energy reporters' in the dietary and nutritional survey of British adults?
Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
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