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© 1995 Oxford University Press

research-article

Childhood and Adolescent Leukaemia in a North American Population

PETER PEIZHONG WANG* and CAROL S HAINES*,{dagger}

*Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0W8
{dagger}Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation, Regina SK, Canada

Dr Carol S Haines

OBJECTIVE: This was to describe and analyse incidence and survival data on childhood leukaemlas.

SAMPLE: Incident leukaemia cases aged 0–19 from the cancer registry holdings of the province of Saskatchewan for the 60-year period 1932–1991 are the subject of this descriptive report.

METHODS: Age-adjusted, age-specific, histologic-type specific, sex-specific, and cohort-specific incidence trends were reviewed Univariate and multivariate survival analyses explored the effects of time period, age at diagnosis, gender, and histologic type.

RESULTS: Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) occurred more commonly in males and before the age of five; the 1982–1991 age-adjusted Incidence is 3.1/100 000. Increasing Incidence has been consistently noted, but has attenuated since 1971. The relative risk of developing ALL In the first 9 years of life, using children born from 1944 to 1948 as baseline, increased with each successive 5-year birth cohort until 1969–1973; since then the risk has been stable. Other histologic types were rare; over 60 years there were only 85 cases that could be grouped as acute non-lymphocytic leukaemias (ANLL); the 1982–1991 age-adjusted ANLL incidence is 0.6/100 000. A dramatic improvement in survival was seen over the last six decades, primarily for ALL. In ALL, children under five have better survival than older children and adolescents; the reverse is true for ANLL.

CONCLUSIONS: ALL and ANLL are distinctive diseases clinically and the epidemiological findings are likewise distinctive. Our current ALL patterns are consonant with a number of other published reports. However, our small numbers of ANLL limit inferences.

Keywords leukaemia, incidence, survival, trend, cohort, acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia

Revised 1 May 1995


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