| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
© 1995 Oxford University Press
research-article |
Diet and Hip Fracture Risk: A Case-Control Study
M
* Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital S-721 89 V
steräs, Sweden
** Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Research, Central Hospital S-721 89 Vsteräs, Sweden
Department of Statistics, Uppsala University Box 513, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
BACKGROUND: The role of diet as a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures is unclear. Earlier studies have yielded conflicting results.
METHODS: In two counties in central Sweden we investigated the association between dietary intake and the risk of proximal femoral fractures In a case-control study nested in a cohort. Women born in 1914–1948 were asked to fill out a food frequency questionnairs when invited to attend for mammographic screening between the years 1987 and 1990. More than 65 000 women completed the questionnaire. Those who had participated in the enquiry and subsequently sustained a first hip fracture were defined as cases. For every case, four individually matched controls, by age and county of residence, were selected from the cohort. A second questionnaire concerning confounding factors was mailed to controls and cases. In all, 247 cases and 893 controls could finally be included. Monthly intake of foods and daily intake of nutrients were calculated.
RESULTS: When highest quartile of intake was compared to lowest, intakes of iron (adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–6.9), magnesium (adjusted OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–6.0) and vitamin C (adjusted OR =1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.1) were found to be independent risk factors for hip fracture. High calcium Intake did not protect against hip fracture. Smoking, low physical activity in leisure time, low body mass index, earlier fracture of the distal forearm and diabetes were all risk factors while postimenopausal hormone replacement therapy protected against hip fracture.
CONCLUSIONS: This large study indicates new dietary risk factors for hip fracture. The association between high dietary intake of iron, magnesium and vitamin C and risk of hip fracture has not been reported previously. Further clinical and experimental studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate their mechanism of action.
Keywords ascorbic acid, calcium, diet, hip fracture, iron, magnesium
Revised 1 January 1995
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Yaturu, B. Bryant, and S. K. Jain Thiazolidinedione Treatment Decreases Bone Mineral Density in Type 2 Diabetic Men Diabetes Care, June 1, 2007; 30(6): 1574 - 1576. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Seelig, B. M. Altura, and B. T. Altura Benefits and Risks of Sex Hormone Replacement in Postmenopausal Women J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2004; 23(5): 482S - 496S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H.M. Keegan, A. V. Schwartz, D. C. Bauer, D. E. Sellmeyer, and J. L. Kelsey Effect of Alendronate on Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Type 2 Diabetic Women: The Fracture Intervention Trial Diabetes Care, July 1, 2004; 27(7): 1547 - 1553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Maggio, M. Barabani, M. Pierandrei, M. C. Polidori, M. Catani, P. Mecocci, U. Senin, R. Pacifici, and A. Cherubini Marked Decrease in Plasma Antioxidants in Aged Osteoporotic Women: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2003; 88(4): 1523 - 1527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Brown and R. G. Josse Lignes directrices de pratique clinique 2002 pour le diagnostic et le traitement de l'osteoporose au Canada Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 18, 2003; 168(90060): SF1 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Brown and R. G. Josse 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada Can. Med. Assoc. J., November 12, 2002; 167(90100): s1 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D M. Hegsted Fractures, calcium, and the modern diet Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2001; 74(5): 571 - 573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Hoidrup, T. I. A. Sorensen, U. Stroger, J. B. Lauritzen, M. Schroll, and M. Gronbak Leisure-time Physical Activity Levels and Changes in Relation to Risk of Hip Fracture in Men and Women Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2001; 154(1): 60 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Baron, B. Y. Farahmand, E. Weiderpass, K. Michaelsson, A. Alberts, I. Persson, and S. Ljunghall Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risk of Hip Fracture in Women Arch Intern Med, April 9, 2001; 161(7): 983 - 988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Hoidrup, E. Prescott, T. I. Sorensen, A. Gottschau, J. B. Lauritzen, M. Schroll, and M. Gronbak Tobacco smoking and risk of hip fracture in men and women Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2000; 29(2): 253 - 259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Y Farahmand, P.-G. Persson, K. Michaelsson, J. A Baron, A. Alberts, T. Moradi, S. Ljunghall, and t. Swedish Hip Fracture Study Group Physical activity and hip fracture: a population-based case-control study Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2000; 29(2): 308 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. E. Ensrud, T. Duong, J. A. Cauley, R. P. Heaney, R. L. Wolf, E. Harris, S. R. Cummings, and for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research G Low Fractional Calcium Absorption Increases the Risk for Hip Fracture in Women with Low Calcium Intake Ann Intern Med, March 7, 2000; 132(5): 345 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Kato, P. Toniolo, A. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, R. E Shore, K. L Koenig, A. Akhmedkhanov, and E. Riboli Diet, smoking and anthropometric indices and postmenopausal bone fractures: a prospective study Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2000; 29(1): 85 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Michaëlsson, J. A Baron, B. Y Farahmand, O. Johnell, C. Magnusson, P.-G. Persson, I. Persson, and S. Ljunghall Hormone replacement therapy and risk of hip fracture: population based case-control study BMJ, June 20, 1998; 316(7148): 1858 - 1863. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M R Law and A K Hackshaw A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: recognition of a major effect BMJ, October 4, 1997; 315(7112): 841 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Owusu, W. C. Willett, D. Feskanich, A. Ascherio, D. Spiegelman, and G. A. Colditz Calcium Intake and the Incidence of Forearm and Hip Fractures among Men J. Nutr., September 1, 1997; 127(9): 1782 - 1787. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|