Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (79)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by KARVONEN, M
Right arrow Articles by SAIKKU, P
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by KARVONEN, M
Right arrow Articles by SAIKKU, P
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© 1994 Oxford University Press

other

Importance of Smoking for Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity

M KARVONEN*, J TUOMILEHTO*, J PITKANIEMI*, A NAUKKARINEN** and P SAIKKU{dagger}

* Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland
** Department of Geography, University of Oulu Linnanmaa, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
{dagger} Department of Oulu, National Public Health Institute Box 310, FIN-90101 Oulu, Finland

BACKGROUND: Population-based studies of the association between smoking and Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity do not exist. The role of smoking in the association between C. pneumoniae seropositivity and coronary artery disease (CAD) suggested by several studies has been debated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking habits and C. pneumoniae IgG antibody tltres in a middle-aged population. We also wanted to find out whether the difference in smoking habits between the sexes explains the higher C. pneumoniae antibody prevalence among men compared with women.

RESULTS: After controlling for the effect of smoking, the risk of C. pneumoniae seropositivity remained 1.4 times higher in men than in women. In men, the estimated risk for C. pneumoniae seropositivity (titre ≥1:16) was significant only for smokers (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.4). The adjusted OR for high seropositivity (titre ≥1:128) was 1.5 for smokers and 1.7 for ex-smokers. The risk for women was similar to that for men.

CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidence of an association between smoking and C. pneumoniae seropositivity in the general population. The higher prevalence of smoking in men does not explain the C. pneumoniae antibody prevalence in men compared with women.

Received 1 May 1994


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
S Alamowitch, J Labreuche, P-J Touboul, F Eb, P Amarenco, and for the GENIC Investigators
Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity in aetiological subtypes of brain infarction and carotid atherosclerosis: a case control study
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, February 1, 2008; 79(2): 147 - 151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CVIHome page
A. Palikhe, M.-L. Lokki, P. Saikku, M. Leinonen, M. Paldanius, M. Seppanen, V. Valtonen, M. S. Nieminen, and J. Sinisalo
Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection with HLA-B*35 in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Clin. Vaccine Immunol., January 1, 2008; 15(1): 55 - 59.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 VASC ENDOVASCULAR SURGHome page
A. Nyberg, E. Skagius, I. Nilsson, A. Ljungh, and A. E. Henriksson
Lack of Association Between Chlamydophila Pneumoniae Seropositivity and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, July 1, 2007; 41(3): 246 - 248.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Mult SclerHome page
P G Bagos, G Nikolopoulos, and A Ioannidis
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis
Multiple Sclerosis, August 1, 2006; 12(4): 397 - 411.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.Home page
A. J. Littman, L. A. Jackson, and T. L. Vaughan
Chlamydia pneumoniae and Lung Cancer: Epidemiologic Evidence
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2005; 14(4): 773 - 778.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
I. Volanen, O. T. Raitakari, R. Vainionpaa, M. Arffman, J. Aarnisalo, S. Angle, K. Kallio, and O. Simell
Serum Lipid Profiles Poorly Correlate With Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity in Prospectively Followed-Up Healthy Children
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2005; 25(4): 827 - 832.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.Home page
A. J. Littman, E. White, L. A. Jackson, M. D. Thornquist, C. A. Gaydos, G. E. Goodman, and T. L. Vaughan
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection and Risk of Lung Cancer
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2004; 13(10): 1624 - 1630.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
E. G. Butchart, A. Ionescu, N. Payne, J. Giddings, G. L. Grunkemeier, and A. G. Fraser
A New Scoring System to Determine Thromboembolic Risk After Heart Valve Replacement
Circulation, September 9, 2003; 108(90101): II-68 - 74.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Med MicrobiolHome page
B. Kocazeybek
Chronic Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in lung cancer, a risk factor: a case-control study
J. Med. Microbiol., August 1, 2003; 52(8): 721 - 726.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
M. V. Kalayoglu, P. Libby, and G. I. Byrne
Chlamydia pneumoniae as an Emerging Risk Factor in Cardiovascular Disease
JAMA, December 4, 2002; 288(21): 2724 - 2731.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
G. Falck, J. Gnarpe, L.-O. Hansson, K. Svardsudd, and H. Gnarpe
Comparison of Individuals With and Without Specific IgA Antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae: Respiratory Morbidity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Chest, November 1, 2002; 122(5): 1587 - 1593.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
W. P. Koh, M. B Taylor, K. Hughes, S K Chew, C W Fong, M C Phoon, K L Kang, and V. T. Chow
Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae in Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians in Singapore
Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2002; 31(5): 1001 - 1007.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
A. J. A. M. van der Ven, M. J. Hommels, A. A. Kroon, A. Kessels, K. Flobbe, J. van Engelshoven, C. A. Bruggeman, and P. W. de Leeuw
Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity and Systemic and Renovascular Atherosclerotic Disease
Arch Intern Med, April 8, 2002; 162(7): 786 - 790.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
T. Huittinen, M. Leinonen, L. Tenkanen, M. Manttari, H. Virkkunen, T. Pitkanen, E. Wahlstrom, T. Palosuo, V. Manninen, and P. Saikku
Autoimmunity to Human Heat Shock Protein 60, Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection, and Inflammation in Predicting Coronary Risk
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., March 1, 2002; 22(3): 431 - 437.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
P. U. Heuschmann, D. Neureiter, M. Gesslein, B. Craiovan, M. Maass, G. Faller, G. Beck, B. Neundoerfer, and P. L. Kolominsky-Rabas
Association Between Infection With Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae and Risk of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: Results From a Population-Based Case-Control Study
Stroke, October 1, 2001; 32(10): 2253 - 2258.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
M. A. Hernan, M. J. Oleky, and A. Ascherio
Cigarette Smoking and Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis
Am. J. Epidemiol., July 1, 2001; 154(1): 69 - 74.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
D. P. STRACHAN, D. CARRINGTON, M. MENDALL, B. K. BUTLAND, J. W. G. YARNELL, and P. ELWOOD
Chlamydia pneumoniae Serology, Lung Function Decline, and Treatment for Respiratory Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2000; 161(2): 493 - 497.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
C. A. Glader, B. Stegmayr, J. Boman, H. Stenlund, L. Weinehall, G. Hallmans, and G. H. Dahlen
Chlamydia pneumoniae Antibodies and High Lipoprotein(a) Levels Do Not Predict Ischemic Cerebral Infarctions : Results From a Nested Case-Control Study in Northern Sweden
Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2013 - 2018.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
J. Almirall, C. A. Gonzalez, X. Balanzo, and I. Bolibar
Proportion of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Cases Attributable to Tobacco Smoking
Chest, August 1, 1999; 116(2): 375 - 379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
D. P Strachan, D. Carrington, M. A Mendall, L. Ballam, J. Morris, B. K Butland, P. M Sweetnam, P. C Elwood, and R. R West
Relation of Chlamydia pneumoniae serology to mortality and incidence of ischaemic heart disease over 13 years in the Caerphilly prospective heart disease study • Commentary: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and ischaemic heart disease
BMJ, April 17, 1999; 318(7190): 1035 - 1040.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 HeartHome page
L J Murray, D P J O'Reilly, G M L Ong, C O'Neill, A E Evans, and K B Bamford
Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies are associated with an atherogenic lipid profile
Heart, March 1, 1999; 81(3): 239 - 244.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
B. Fagerberg, J. Gnarpe, H. Gnarpe, S. Agewall, and J. Wikstrand
Chlamydia pneumoniae but Not Cytomegalovirus Antibodies Are Associated With Future Risk of Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease : A Prospective Study in Middle-Aged to Elderly Men With Treated Hypertension
Stroke, February 1, 1999; 30(2): 299 - 305.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
M. Roivainen, G. Alfthan, P. Jousilahti, M. Kimpimaki, T. Hovi, and J. Tuomilehto
Enterovirus Infections as a Possible Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction
Circulation, December 8, 1998; 98(23): 2534 - 2537.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
P. J. Cook, D. Honeybourne, G. Y. H. Lip, D. G. Beevers, R. Wise, and P. Davies
Chlamydia pneumoniae Antibody Titers Are Significantly Associated With Acute Stroke and Transient Cerebral Ischemia : The West Birmingham Stroke Project
Stroke, February 1, 1998; 29(2): 404 - 410.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HypertensionHome page
P. J. Cook, G. Y. H. Lip, P. Davies, D. G. Beevers, R. Wise, and D. Honeybourne
Chlamydia pneumoniae Antibodies in Severe Essential Hypertension
Hypertension, February 1, 1998; 31(2): 589 - 594.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
R. P. Tracy, R. N. Lemaitre, B. M. Psaty, D. G. Ives, R. W. Evans, M. Cushman, E. N. Meilahn, and L. H. Kuller
Relationship of C-Reactive Protein to Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly: Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Rural Health Promotion Project
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 1997; 17(6): 1121 - 1127.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Disclaimer:
Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.