© 1994 Oxford University Press
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Childhood and Adolescent Passive Smoking and the Risk of Female Lung Cancer
* Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4NI
Department of Epidemiology, Heilongjiang Institute for Cancer Research Harbin, The People's Republic of China
BACKGROUNDS: Few studies have reported the relationship between passive smoking (PS) in early life and the risk of lung cancer. This study was done to evaluate the risk of female lung cancer from PS, especially that during childhood and adolescence.
METHODS: Using household exposure to tobacco smoke as an estimate of PS, a 1:1 paired case-control study was conducted in Harbin, China. We interviewed 114 female primary lung cancer cases, aged 30–69 years, and their hospital-based controls. The controls were non-cancer patients, selected from the same hispital as the cases, and matched on age (± 5 years), residential area and smoking status over their lifetime. There were 59 pairs who ever smoked and 55 pairs who never smoked. Information on PS was collected by residence for each of the following periods: 0–6, 7–14, 15–22, 23–30 and 31–69 years.
RESULTS: Household PS significantly increases the risk of female lung cancer for those exposed at ages 22 or younger, who have ever smoked. The risk was also increased for those non-smoking pairs when exposed under the age of 15 years. Exposure to maternal smoking at ages 14 or younger increased the risk by about 170% (odds ratio, OR 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–4.88), but not to paternal smoking (OR 1.40, 95%CI: 0.92–2.50). The risk was highest for those exposed under the age of seven (OR 3.46, 95%Cl: 1.80–6.65) and was also significant at ages 7–14 (OR 3.08, 95%Cl: 1.62–5.57) and 15–22 (OR 3.10, 95%Cl: 1.52–6.31) years. Under the age of 23 years, the OR increased with amount of PS(P
0.001). Of note, the OR in all five exposure periods for non-smoking pairs were similar to those for all 114 pairs studied.
CONCLUSIONS: Household PS, particularly that during childhood, increases the risk of female lung cancer. The assessment of PS should be done by different period of exposure.
Received 1 October 1993
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