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© 1993 Oxford University Press

other

Relationships between Cigarette smoking, Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in the Singapore General Population

KENNETH HUGHES*, W P LEONG**, S P SOTHY{dagger}, K C LUN* and P P B YEO{ddagger}

* Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine
** Department of Obstetrics and Gynasoloay
{dagger} Department of Physiology
{ddagger} Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 0511

In a cross-sectional random survey of the whole of Singapore (2143 subjects aged 18–69 years), cardiovascular risk factors were measured by standardized techniques. For the analysis in the 18–89 year age group there was adjustment for ethnic group, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Among serum lipids, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and fasting triglyceride were inversety related with partial correlation coefficients (r) of males –0.34 (P<0.001) and females –0.26 (P<0.001). There were no relationships between blood pressure and serum lipids except for direct ones with fasting trigtyceride, being males (systolic r=0.06, P=0.066 and diastolic r=0.12, P< 0.001) and females (systolic r=0.11, P < 0.001 and diastolic r=0.13, P < 0.001 1. Cigarette smoking, in males, was related to systolic blood pressure (inversely), with, compared to non-smokers, a reduction of 1.3 mrn Hg (1.1%) in light smokers, 3.8 mrn Hg (3.1%) in moderate smokers and 4.6 mm Hg (3.7%) in heavy smokers; there was no clear relation with diastolic blood pressure. Cigarette smoking, in males, was related to HDL-cholesterol (inversely), even after further adjustment for fasting triglyceride, with compared to non-smokers reductions of 0.03 mmol/l (3.4%) in light smokers, 0.09 mmol/l (10.3%) in moderate smokers and 0.12 mmol/l (13.8%) in heavy smokers. Cigarette smoking was related to fasting triglyceride (directly) but this was removed by further adjustment for HDL-cholesterol. Cigarette smoking was not related to low density lipoprotein chdesterol. These results are compared to those of other surveys.

Revised 1 December 1992


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