© 1990 Oxford University Press
research-article |
Relationship of Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns with Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Risk of Breast Cancer in a Prospective Study
*Departments of Mathematics, Statistics and Epidemiology & Clinical Endocrinology, Imperial Cancer Research Fund PO Box 123, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.
**Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Wales Cardiff, UK.
Clinical Oncology Unit, Guy's Hospital London SE1 9RT, UK.
Correspondence to: B L De Stavola.
De Stavola B L (Imperial Cancer Research Fund, PO Box 123, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK) Gravelle IH, Wang D Y, Allen DS, Bulbrook RD, Fentiman IS, Hayward JL and Chaudary MC. Relationship of mammographic parenchymal patterns with breast cancer risk factors and risk of breast cancer in a prospective study. International Journal of Epidemiology1990, 19: 247–254.
A prospective study has been conducted on 4954 female volunteers from the Island of Guernsey between 1977 and 1985 to examine risk factors for breast cancer and their relationship to mammographic parenchymal patterns as assessed by Wolfe's method of grading. Up to September 1988, 69 women had developed breast cancer, 11 of whom were prevalent cases being diagnosed within six months of mammography. The remaining incident cases were diagnosed six to 126 months (median 65 months) after entry to the study.
Univariate analysis showed that the distribution of Wolfe grades in the population was significantly associated with menopausal status, age, parity, adiposity, age at menarche, age at first childbirth and use of oral contraception, but not with a family history of breast cancer. Multivariate analysis of the data for these variables from either pre- and/or post-menopausal women indicated that age, parity and adiposity were significantly related to Wolfe grade pattern. Age had an opposite effect in pre- compared with postmenopausal women thus the probability of either a P2 or DY pattern increased with increasing age in premenopausal but decreased in postmenopausal women so that incidence peaked around the menopause. Other variables did not achieve significance in the multivariate analysis.
Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for women with P2 or DY patterns using those with N1 or P1 grades as the reference group. The ORs were determined at two censoring times; one at five years and the other to include the most recent follow-up of this cohort. The ORs were adjusted for years of follow-up, age and adiposity and in postmenopausal women adjustment was also made for age at menarche. At the earlier censoring time there was an approximate twofold increased risk of breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women. At the later censoring time postmenopausal women still had an OR of about 2.0 although in premenopausal women the OR fell to unity. Inclusion of prevalent cases had a minor effect on the ORs.
It is concluded that mammographic parenchymal patterns do indicate an increased risk of breast cancer but the degree of discrimination is not as marked as first suggested by Wolfe. It is also unlikely that such patterns could be used in a practical way to identify a high risk group of women for either intensive screening or prevention studies.
Revised 1 August 1989
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. S. Dite, L. C. Gurrin, G. B. Byrnes, J. Stone, A. Gunasekara, M. R.E. McCredie, D. R. English, G. G. Giles, J. Cawson, R. A. Hegele, et al. Predictors of Mammographic Density: Insights Gained from a Novel Regression Analysis of a Twin Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2008; 17(12): 3474 - 3481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. A. McCormack and I. dos Santos Silva Breast Density and Parenchymal Patterns as Markers of Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2006; 15(6): 1159 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Banks, G. Reeves, V. Beral, D. Bull, B. Crossley, M. Simmonds, E. Hilton, S. Bailey, N. Barrett, P. Briers, et al. Influence of personal characteristics of individual women on sensitivity and specificity of mammography in the Million Women Study: cohort study BMJ, August 28, 2004; 329(7464): 477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Vacek and B. M. Geller A Prospective Study of Breast Cancer Risk Using Routine Mammographic Breast Density Measurements Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2004; 13(5): 715 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. F. Boyd, G. S. Dite, J. Stone, A. Gunasekara, D. R. English, M. R.E. McCredie, G. G. Giles, D. Tritchler, A. Chiarelli, M. J. Yaffe, et al. Heritability of Mammographic Density, a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., September 19, 2002; 347(12): 886 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Riza, I. dos Santos Silva, B. De Stavola, H. L. Bradlow, D. W. Sepkovic, D. Linos, and A. Linos Urinary Estrogen Metabolites and Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns in Postmenopausal Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2001; 10(6): 627 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Jakes, S. Duffy, F. Ng, F Gao, and E. Ng Mammographic parenchymal patterns and risk of breast cancer at and after a prevalence screen in Singaporean women Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2000; 29(1): 11 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Baines and R. Dayan A Tangled Web: Factors Likely to Affect the Efficacy of Screening Mammography J Natl Cancer Inst, May 19, 1999; 91(10): 833 - 838. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|